Masarar masara, wacce aka yi ta da hatsi na zinare-zinariya, sanannen zaɓi ne na ƙarni da yawa. Dangane da adadin bitamin, abubuwan micro da macro, yana da ɗayan manyan matsayi tsakanin hatsi, kuma cikin mahimmancin tana matsayi na uku bayan alkama da shinkafa... Menene tarihin asali da kuma rarraba wannan hatsi kuma menene ke tabbatar da ƙaunarta a duk duniya.
Na farko da aka ambata da tarihin ci gaba, a ina ne asalin hatsi
Asalin masara mai zaki tabbas Amurka ce. Bayanan farko sun fara ne tun daga karni na II-III BC. Tsoffin Indiyawa suna amfani da al'adun don abinci a cikin soyayyen, dafaffen fom, da yin gari don yin wainar dahuwa daga gare shi, sun yi giya da syrups iri-iri daga hatsin da ya toho. Ya isa ya ce Indiyawan sun ɗauki allahn haihuwa Tlaloc a matsayin allahn masara. Ko a lokacin ma, ya kasance shukar da aka noma kuma ba a san nau'inta na daji ba.
Tabbas, Columbus shine farkon wanda ya kawo "hatsin masara" zuwa Turai bayan ya gano Amurka. Daga Spain da Fotigal, al'adun sun bazu ko'ina cikin yankin Eurasia, kuma sun fara haɓaka har ma a Afirka. Ukraine na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Turai a noman masara. Mutanen Spaniards sun ba shi suna mai daɗi - "cornucopia", wanda ke nufin "kaifin kaho".
Tabbacin mahimmancin wannan hatsi ga ɗan adam shine babban matakin nomansa: masara ta rasa ikon yin wanka da hatsi kuma ta hayayyafa, kuma dole ne a adana ƙwayarsa don shuka a cikin ɗakunan bushe, in ba haka ba suna lalacewa kuma sun rasa damar yin tsiro.
Bayyanar shukar da aka noma inda za'a iya shuka ta
A zamanin yau, masara na ɗaya daga cikin manyan noman da ake nomawa a cikin kasashe sama da 60 na duniya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda iyawarta na dacewa da yanayin yanayi daban-daban kuma hakan ya haifar da yalwar sifofin shuke-shuke da jinsuna gami da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Masara (masara) ita ce ciyawar shekara-shekara tare da tushe mai ƙarfi, wanda ya kai tsawon mita 3. Jigonsa rami ne a ciki, yana da ƙarfi sosai, an rufe shi da dogayen ganye, daga cikin gidajen da cobs suke girma. Saboda filastik - ikon daidaitawa da canzawa - aikin masara yana canzawa dangane da inda yake girma:
- tsawo - daga 80 cm zuwa 6 mita;
- yawan ganye - daga 8 zuwa 40 guda;
- tsawon cob - daga 4 zuwa 50 cm;
- nauyin kunne ɗaya daga 30 g zuwa 0.5 kilogiram.
Girman da yawan kwaya a kan cob ɗin ma sun bambanta.
Amfanin hatsin masara ga jikin dan adam
Dangane da kayan aikin sunadarai, wannan hatsi na gaske ne na musamman - abubuwa 26 na tebur na lokaci-lokaci gami da adadin bitamin masu yawa. Hatsi na zinariya suna kan gaba dangane da abun ƙarfe - 3700 μg, zinc - 1750 μg, manganese - 1100 μg. Potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iodine, gold, selenium, unsaturated fatty acid, mono da disaccharides, toka, babban abun ciki na sitaci da folic acid (B9), bitamin na rukunin B, PP, C, E - wannan bai rigaya ba cikakken jerin abubuwan abubuwa ba wai kawai masu amfani bane, amma masu maye gurbin jikin mutum.
An tabbatar da cewa masara tana da yawan abinci mai gina jiki da kuma nazarin halittu, jiki yana iya sauƙaƙe shi, saboda haka yana da amfani yayin cin abinci.
Tare da matsakaicin abun ciki na kalori, samfurin yana iya saurin jure jiki, rage yawan ci, saboda haka yana da amfani don amfani har ma da kiba.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa hatsi na gwangwani ya riƙe duk kyawawan halaye da halaye. Mafi amfani yayin dafa shi. Tukwici: Koyaushe ku tafasa kunnuwan ba tare da gishiri ba, in ba haka ba wake zai zama bushe da tauri. Saboda keɓaɓɓen abin da ya ƙunsa tsohuwar al'adar tana da tasiri mai amfani ga mutane:
- yana daidaita ayyukan tsarin juyayi, yana taimakawa shawo kan damuwa;
- babban abun ciki na bitamin B1 yana ba da lafiya mai kyau, yana sauƙaƙe gajiya, saurin gajiya, nuna damuwa, yana daidaita tsarin narkewa - 150 g na masara ya ƙunshi rubu'in darajar tamanin (B1) na yau da kullun;
- bitamin E yana ba da kaddarorin antioxidant, yana taimakawa tsawanta matasa, yana hana sclerosis;
inganta aiki na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansa; - taimaka dawo da metabolism.
Bayanin Aikace-aikace
Da farko dai, shi ne dafaffun kunne. Manya da yara suna cin su da farin ciki sosai. Ana amfani da masarar gwangwani don shirya salads da jita-jita. Man masara na da matukar amfani - antioxidant mai ƙarfi, wanda kuma ana amfani dashi don salads, dafa abinci, soya da yin burodi.
Ba zato ba tsammani, popcorn - soyayyen hatsi - ya fi lafiya fiye da masarar gwangwani idan aka dafa ba tare da ƙarin gishiri, sukari, da man kayan lambu ba.
Tushen tsire-tsire sun samo aikace-aikace a cikin samar da zaren wucin gadi, manne, takarda, kayan gini, marufi, kuma yana da wuya ma a lissafa inda kuma.
Yunkurin dusar ƙanƙaniyar masara - gashin da ke kewayen cob - magani ne mai mahimmanci kuma yana taimakawa yadda yakamata tare da cholecystitis, hepatitis, tsakuwar koda, ciwon sikari, hauhawar jini, kuma yana da tasirin diuretic. Kuma komai yawan aikace-aikacen da kuka lissafa, har yanzu zaku manta da wani abu.
Yadda ake cin nasara mai yawa a kowace kadada
Yana da shahararren amfanin gona na noma, saboda sauƙaƙe yana dacewa da yanayi da yanayin yanayi, yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa da aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Manoma da ke noman wannan amfanin gona suna ƙoƙari su girbe mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:
- iri iri iri, manufar dasa (hatsi, silage);
- abun da ke cikin ƙasa, cikakken satine da oxygen (ya zama dole ayi huɗa zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm);
- yanayi;
- yiwuwar shayar akalla sau 2 (wasu nau'ikan - 3-4 shayarwa).
A karkashin sharadi mai kyau na zamani, mafi shahararrun iri a Rasha suna ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa:
- iri-iri Lakomka - har zuwa centi 50 a kowace kadada;
- Matsayin Ruhu - 70ts a kowace kadada.
Ana samar da kyawawan kayan gona ta nau'in gida Corsair, Bemo182, Tattara 181, Dokuchaevsky. Don cin nasara mai yawa, ya zama dole a sa ƙasar tare da takin gargajiya (tan 40 na taki a kowace kadada 1), don amfani da ma'adinai a duk lokacin girma. Kafin yin shuki, ka tabbata ka lalata duk ciyawar, in ba haka ba ba za su bar hatsi ya yi tsiro ba. Ya kamata magabatan su zama dankali, kayan lambu, kayan marmari, alfalfa, ko clover. A gidan rani na rani, a cikin lambun, sassauta ƙasa na yau da kullun da shayarwar lokaci zai zama mai tasiri.
Babu shakka, masara irin ta hatsi ce ta musamman, saboda haka an noma ta shekaru da yawa kuma har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin uku a hatsi a duniyarmu.
Amfani da 100-150g na zafin rana zai kawo muku ni'ima da fa'idodi ga dukkan jiki.