Duk da irin wannan gajeren lokacin na rarrabawa a cikin ƙasarmu, nau'in inabi na inabi ya riga ya sami nasarar ƙaunata da farin jinin yawancin mazaunan bazara har ƙarni ɗaya. Wannan nau'ikan ne ake amfani dashi don samar da mafi ƙarancin zabibi. Gaba, bari muyi magana game da bayaninsa kuma muyi la'akari da manyan halayen
Halaye da kwatancin inabi na ƙarni
Ofungiyar makiyaya ta Amurka ce ta cinye karni a cikin Amurka, California a 1980. Wannan sakamakon ketare Zinare da Q25-6. Gwaje-gwajen kan kiwo iri-iri ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru 14. Wannan nau'in ya zo Rasha ne kawai a cikin 2010 kuma nan da nan ya zama sananne sosai.
Na farkon nau'ikan nunanne ne, 'ya'yan itacen sun yi kwanaki 120. 'Ya'yan itacen berry ba su ƙunshi tsaba. Kowane burushi yana da nauyi daga gram 700 zuwa 2000. Wararrun masu shuka suna ba da shawarar girbi a kan kari don kada bunches su karye. Siffar 'ya'yan itacen berry yana da oval-oblong, launi lokacin da cikakke ya zama rawaya rawaya.
Nauyin kowane Berry daga 5 zuwa 10 grams. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da ɗanɗano na goro mai ƙanshi kuma shayin shayi ya tashi. Daɗin ɗanɗano na iya bambanta dangane da ƙasar da nau'ikan ke tsiro a kanta. Fatar jiki ce, ba ta da dandano, don haka ana iya cin 'ya'yan itacen tare da fatar.
Naman 'ya'yan itacen yana da yawa, mai laushi, dandano mai daɗi. A iri-iri ne sanyi-resistant. Da yardar kaina yana jure yanayin zafi kamar ƙananan digiri -25. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace daga tsakiyar watan Satumba zuwa farkon yanayin sanyi. Ana ba da shawarar goge goge a kan daji kafin farkon sanyi, tare da farkon sanyi sai berry ya debi iyakar sukari.
Abvantbuwan amfãni daga nau'ikan
Abubuwan fa'idodi sune:
- kyakkyawan dandano;
- rashin tsaba;
- kyakkyawan juriya na cuta;
- farkon nunawa;
- ba mai saurin lalacewa da zubewa ba;
- kyakkyawan gabatarwa;
- sanyi-mai jurewa;
- kwanciyar hankali na yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- berries ba sa yiwuwa ga fatattaka.
Rashin dacewar sun hada da:
- ba tsawon lokacin ajiya ba;
- da bukatar goge goge-goge.
Zabar wurin zama don saukowa
Duk da cewa iri-iri masu jure sanyi ne, wuri mafi dacewa don haɓaka shine yankin kudu na shafin. Yana da kyau idan an dasa ciyawar kusa da gidan ko kusa da shingen. Gine-ginen zasu kare daga mummunan iska da kuma samar da ƙarin zafi.
Lokacin dasa inabi kusa da gidan, ya zama dole nisan daga kurangar inabi zuwa kafan gidan yakai aƙalla mita 1.5!
Ya kamata shafin ya kasance da haske ta hasken rana daga kowane bangare. Dole ne a shirya ƙasa don shuka a gaba don ta sami lokacin da za ta zauna da kyau kuma ta kasance cike da danshi da abubuwan gina jiki. Dole ne ƙasa ta wuce danshi da iska sosai. Kuna iya dasa inabi a kaka da bazara.
Selection na seedlings
Dole ne a ɗauki zaɓin tsire-tsire da mahimmanci, tun da ya dogara da abin da itacen inabin zai kasance kuma, daidai da haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa. Za'a iya rarraba tsirrai kamar:
- fitattu;
- 1sabi;
- Darasi na 2;
- mara kyau.
Elite seedlings suna da asali guda huɗu ko fiye a madaidaiciya, aƙalla a kalla kauri 2 mm kuma tsawon cm 25. Dole ne kaurin tushe ya kasance aƙalla 5 mm.
Seedlings na farko aji dole ne ya sami tushe huɗu ko sama da haka. Bambanci daga fitattu shine cewa kaurin tushen 2 mm dole ne ya zama aƙalla tushen 2. Nisan tushen daga juna shima ya zama daidai.
Darasi na 2 dole ne ya sami aƙalla asalinsa guda biyu.
Tsire-tsire masu kyau yana da rauni mara girma. Zai fi kyau kada a shuka irin waɗannan tsire-tsire.
Siffofin sauka
Idan an shirya dasa shuki a cikin bazara, to an shirya ƙasa don shuka a lokacin bazara.... Zurfin dasa shuki ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa. A cikin ƙasa mai haske, ya wajaba a haƙa rami mai faɗin diamita 40 da zurfin cm 60. A cikin ƙasa mai nauyi, yankin ramin zai kasance 70X80 cm, zurfin cm 70. Kasancewar ruwan ƙasa da ke kusa zai shafar dasa ta yadda zai dace. Koyaya, yankin gonar inabin bai kamata ya mamaye ruwan narkewa ba. Theasar ya kamata ya zama mai laima ƙwarai, sako-sako, ba tare da ciyawa ba.
Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a kula da tushen shukoki tare da haɓakar haɓaka. An jiƙa yankakken da aka siyo a cikin wannan maganin na kwana ɗaya, sannan a kashe shi da maganin manganese kuma bayan haka sai a gyara tushensu.
A ƙasan ramin, kuna buƙatar yin ɗakunan magudanan ruwa tare da ƙari da takin mai rikitarwa. An dasa tsiron a cikin rami kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, an yi masa kwalliya a hankali. Idan babu ƙasa wacce ta dace da inabi, cika ramin da ƙasa tare da ƙarin humus. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai ya kamata yakai aƙalla mita 3, saboda itacen inabi yana girma cikin sauri. Ya kamata a sami aƙalla mita 2 tsakanin layuka don dasa-layi ɗaya da mita 3 don dasa-layi.
Don samun ƙarancin bishiyun ƙwazo, dole ne a ɗora cuts kan ƙananan iri.
Girman kaka ya fi kyau daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba. Wajibi ne don dasa inabi a cikin ƙasa mai daƙiƙa.
Dokokin kulawa
Bayan dasa shuki inabi, dole ne a ba da hankali na musamman ga yanayin ƙasa. Theasar ya kamata koyaushe ta zama sako-sako kuma ba ta da ciyawa. A kan tarin fuka, sassautawa dole ne a yi a hankali don kar a lalata samarin harbi. Yayinda tsirrai ke girma, tsayin tubercle yana raguwa ahankali. A watan Agusta, an buɗe tsirrai har zuwa mannewa da harbewar da aka yi.
A karshen watan Yuni, ya zama dole ayi aikin cire tushen da ke girma a farfajiya. Ana yin hakan ne don daji ya samo tushe cikin zurfin, tunda tushen da ke kusa da farfajiya yana rage juriya da sanyi da juriya yayin fari. Ya kamata a yi pruning a ranar hadari. Don yin wannan, rake ƙasa a kusa da seedling kuma yi rami mai zurfin 25. Don cire tushen, yi amfani da mai laushi. Bayan yankan, ramin ya cika, yana barin koren ciyawar daji kawai a farfajiya.
Na biyu pruning aka yi a watan Agusta. Bayan yankewa, an bar rami mai zurfin 15 cm a kusa da seedling.
Don inabin da aka girma daga yankan, ban ruwa yana da matukar mahimmanci don kafewa. Bayan dasa shuki, shayar da tsiron kai tsaye. Na biyu watering ne da za'ayi a cikin makonni biyu. Na uku watering dole ne a yi kwanaki 35 bayan dasa shuki. Dogaro da bushewar ƙasar, amfani da ruwa ga kowane daji buckets ɗaya ne ko biyu. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwa mai zafi a rana don shayarwa. Shayarwa da yamma.
Ana yin manyan inabi na inabi a lokacin rani, ana haɗa su da shayarwa. Za a iya amfani da fermented mullein don ciyarwa. Don bushewa, ana narkar da mullein da ruwa a cikin rabo 1: 2 kuma a barshi da zafin jiki na +22 digiri na sati biyu. Sa'annan an gama slurry da ruwa 1: 4. Toara zuwa wannan bayani:
- superphosphate - gram 100;
- ammonium sulfate - gram 75;
- gishiri - 45 grams.
Kada ku mamaye shuke-shuke da takin mai magani, kamar yadda a cikin wannan yanayin za a sami ci gaba mara kyau na tushen tsarin.
Don hana lalacewar harbe-harbe, ana ɗaura su da gungumen azaba a tsaye. Tare da yalwar girma na matakai, dole ne a aiwatar da ƙwanƙwasa. Wannan hanya za ta hanzarta samuwar bushes.
Don hana cututtuka, ana yayyafa samari da ruwan Bordeaux.
A farkon Oktoba, suna haƙa ƙasar a gonar inabin, kuma a ƙarshen Oktoba, lokacin da ganye ya faɗi, ana rufe tsire-tsire don hunturu. Don yin wannan, an haƙa tsagi, an sa itacen inabi a ciki tare da tsawon kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
A cikin bazara, ana buɗe samfuran inabi matasa daga baya fiye da itacen inabi mai girma, tun da harbe-harben samari sun fi sauƙi ga sanyi. A shekarun baya na girma, kula da itacen inabi kamar haka:
- gyara;
- tsunkulewa;
- sassauta ƙasa;
- cire ciyawa;
- taki;
- shayarwa;
- rigakafin cututtuka;
- maganin kwari
Cututtuka da kwari
Wannan innabi kusan ba mai saukin kamuwa da cuta bane. Koyaya, tana fama da hare-haren da kwayar cutar phylloxera ke kawowa. Wannan kwaro yana lalata tushen tsarin, gashin baki na shuka da ganye. Kuma a wannan yanayin, asarar daji ba ta cika ba. A wurin da cutar phylloxera ta shafa, yana yiwuwa a dasa ciyawar inabi ba a baya ba bayan shekaru 5.
Don dalilai masu hana yaduwa, ana saka bututun kwali mai diamita 15 cm a kan tushen ƙwaya lokacin da ake dasa shi.Rarfin an rufe shi da yashi kuma an saka tsiron da ƙasa. Daga nan sai a cire bututun a hankali.
Idan an kula sosai daidai lokacin bazara, kuma an shirya itacen inabi yadda yakamata don damuna, to a kakar mai zuwa zaku iya dogaro da girbi mai kyau.