Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don girma eggplant, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar bita na ƙwararrun masanan lambu. Ta hanyar nazarin matsalolin da suka fuskanta lokacin da suke shuka kayan lambu a cikin greenhouse, za a iya guje wa lamura da yawa har ma suna alfahari da girbi mai kyau ta bin ƙa'idodin kulawa, shayarwa da girma yadda ya kamata.
Shin zai yiwu a yi girma eggplants a cikin wani greenhouse
Shuka egan itacen ɓaure a cikin fili ko kuma a cikin rufaffiyar greenhouse ya zama babban ƙalubale ga kowane mai lambu. Ba kowa ne yake cin nasarar ba da shi ba, musamman idan ya kasance game da noman kayan lambu a cikin Urals ko Siberia.
Yanayin yanayin da ya tabarbare, hakan ya haifar da rashin wadatar fasahar noma, saboda al'adu suna haɓaka da kyau kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman tsarin zafin jiki. Ba zai yiwu a yi ba tare da tsarin dumama jiki a cikin greenhouse ba, wanda ke nufin cewa wani abu na kashe kuɗi ya faɗi akan mai lambun.
Babu buƙatar damuwa game da yiwuwar noman fruita fruitan kudanci a yankin tsakiya da Siberia. Godiya ga aiki mai zafi da aiki na dogon lokaci na masu kiwo, ya sami damar haɓaka iri waɗanda ke jure sanyi da cuta.
Shahararrun matasan da suka hada da: Sailor, Robin Hood, Almaz, Albatross, da sauransu.
Abubuwan buƙatu na asali don girma a cikin gidan polycarbonate greenhouse
Tsarin aikin gona na Eggplant mai sauki ne, amma yana da wasu kebantattun abubuwa.
Babban asirin sun hada da:
- madaidaicin zaɓi na nau'ikan (nau'ikan kayan lambu yana da fiye da nau'in kayan lambu 20 waɗanda ba sa jurewar sanyi);
- ginin greenhouse dole ne ya sami iska don samun damar canza tsarin yanayin zafin jiki da aiwatar da iska;
- don kula da yawan zafin jiki, greenhouse sanye take da tsarin dumama (ga yankuna masu tsananin yanayi);
- hasken rana don shuka ya zama a cikin awanni 12, idan akwai rashin ƙarancin haske, ana ba da shawarar shigar da fitilun fitilu;
- ana aiwatar da ruwa ruwan dumi (Digiri 24), ya kamata a fara ban ruwa daga rana ta 5 bayan dasa shuki, yi kokarin kada a fesa ganyen;
- ya kamata ƙasa ta haɗu, tsarin ya kwance;
- a matakin furanni, an cire furannin da suka wuce gona da iri (ƙayyadadden aikin 'ya'yan itace);
- yayin da al'adun ke tasowa, gabatar da kayan abinci mai gina jiki a hankali.
Ana ba da shawara ga masu lambu masu ƙwarewa su mallaki ƙwarewar aikin gona na ƙayyadadden daidai a yanayin yanayin greenhouse, inda ake kiyaye tsire-tsire daga iska, tsananin hasken rana da sauran ɓata-garin yanayin.
Yadda za a zabi greenhouse don dasa shuki a waje da buɗe ƙasa
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine greenhouse ko greenhouse daga polycarbonate, yana da damar kare kwaya daga daskarewa da samar da isasshen haske kuma yana da sauƙin yi da hannunka. A ranakun rana, kayan suna dumama sosai, wanda ke rage farashin dumama wuta.
Yayinda ake amfani da ƙarin takin rufi rufi na ciki tare da rigakafin hana ruwa.
Eggplants ba su da bambanci a cikin babban ci gaban daji, don haka babu buƙatar babban tsari, ya isa ya zaɓi zaɓi wanda ya dace da sabis tare da alamomi daga 1.8 zuwa 2.5 m.
A cikin yankuna masu tsananin yanayi, greenhouse yafi kyau kafa a kan tushe, Ginin mai sauƙin nauyi tare da zurfin 20 cm ƙasa da matakin ƙasa. Ana iya yin firam da bayanan itace da ƙarfe. Kasancewar masu iska don daidaita yanayin zafin jiki da kuma samun iska ana daukar su a matsayin tilas.
Lokacin lissafin ribar gidan greenhouse, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa an sanya tsire-tsire 3-4 akan 1 m2.
Amfanin da aka nuna akan lakabin iri shine ainihin gaskiyar, saboda haka adadi ya ragu da 20-30%. Adadin shukokin da aka dasa ya dogara da yankin greenhouse inda zasu yi girma. Idan an gina ta musamman don dasa kayan lambu, to duk sigogin kayan don abin ɗorawa da ikon ƙirƙirar zafin jiki mafi kyau (dumama) ana la'akari dasu.
A cikin greenhouse 2x3m za a iya dasa 18-24 shuke-shuke eggplant.
Lokacin da ya dace ya sauka
Ana shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa kawai lokacin da lokacin da hatsarin dare sanyi ya wuce... Wannan lokacin a tsakiyar layi shine a rabi na biyu na Mayu - farkon Yuni.
A cikin greenhouse, aiki yana farawa tun da farko, tunda kasancewar gidan ɓoye yana keɓe daskarewa da harbe-harben samari a yanayin zafin yanayi, kuma rana da rana zata dumama ganuwar tsarin da ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ake buƙata don ci gaban al'adu. Lokacin tsara lokacin dasa shuki, ana la'akari da abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin greenhouse da yanayin yankin.
Idan tsirrai suka girma akan sikeli na masana'antu, to an yi shuka daga tsakiyar Fabrairu zuwa farkon Maris... Aƙalla kwanaki 65 sun shude kafin a sauya tsirrai zuwa gonar, wanda ke nufin cewa a farkon watan Mayu za ku iya shirya dasawa. Zai yuwu a canza kwanan shuka da dasawa zuwa kwana 7-10, idan akwai wasu sharuɗɗa.
A cikin greenhouses mai zafi, zaka iya dasa eggplant a rabi na biyu na Janairu... Tare da wannan jadawalin, ana sauya ranakun dasawa zuwa farkon watan Afrilu. Wannan fasaha ba mai arha ba ce, saboda haka yana da daraja a fara kirga ribar farko.
A cikin yankin Moscow, ana sauya shuke-shuke masu shuɗi zuwa greenhouses har zuwa Mayu 10-15. A cikin Krasnodar Territory da Siberia, waɗannan abubuwan an shirya su don rabin rabin Mayu, wani lokacin kuma farkon Yuni.
Mene ne makirci don dasa shuki
Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, babban abu kar a yarda gadaje su yi kauri, wannan yana haifar da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
1 m2 yana kusa game da tsire-tsire biyar a cikin ɗakunan ajiya mai zafi, bai fi uku ba - a cikin tsarin da ba shi da zafi. Lokacin ƙirƙirar gadaje a layuka, bi waɗannan tazara masu zuwa:
- jere jere - 60-65 cm;
- nisa tsakanin ramuka a jere 30-35 cm.
Zurfin dasa shuki na tsirrai yakai cm 15-18. Yanayin yanayin zafin jiki mai dacewa don karbatar da harbe-harben matasa ya dace 18-20 digiri (a ƙasa aƙalla digiri 15).
Ga nau'ikan tare da yaduwar bishiyoyi, makirci tare da tsayayyen tsari na ramuka (tazarar 60 cm) ya fi dacewa. An dasa ƙananan shuke-shuke a cikin layuka 2 tare da tazarar jere na 65 cm, tazara tsakanin bushes a jere 40-45 cm.
Kula da harbe na farko
Bayan shukar shuki, shukoki na buƙatar yanayi na musamman da yanayin zafin jiki. 18-20 digiri.
Hasken wuta
Don ci gaban al'ada na harbe-harbe na matasa, ana buƙatar lokutan hasken rana na aƙalla awanni 12.
Don tabbatar da wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar shigar da shi a cikin gida fitilu masu kyalli... Lightingarin haske ya kamata a rarraba ko'ina a kan dukkan kwantenan shuka.
Shayarwa
Yawan danshi na iya haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire, don haka ana shayar da shukokin a hankali. Tsarin yau da kullun - 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 3-5... Ana gabatar da ruwa a ƙananan yankuna zuwa cikin ƙasa, ba kan tsiro ba.
Manya da takin zamani
An fara ciyarwa bayan harbe-harben farko sun bayyana... An yi la’akari da zaɓin taki a hankali, saboda ci gaban al’adu ya dogara da kaddarorinsa.
Wasu yan lambu sun fi son maganin ruwa, kamar su potassium nitrate (gram 3 a kan kowace lita 1 na ruwa). Lokacin gabatar da ruwa, yi ƙoƙari kada ku hau kan koren, don kar ku ƙone shi. Ba a yi la'akari da maganin ash ba mai ƙarancin amfani (gilashin ash na lita 7 na ruwa). Taki Kemira Lux (gram 2 a lita 1 na ruwa) ya tabbatar da kansa sosai.
Ana amfani da ciyarwa ta biyu bayan sati 3-4... Abubuwan da ke zuwa basu rasa dacewarsu ba: Biohumus, Healthy Garden, Bioton. Suna da cikakken aminci ga al'ada, amma suna aiki mai kyau tare da aikin.
Idan harbe sun jinkirta haɓaka, to ana bada shawarar yin amfani da samfuran masu zuwa: Agricola forte, Signor, Ideal.
Kula da manyan eggplants
Pollination
Al'adar tana da furannin bisexual, tsarin aikin gurɓata na faruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba... Don haɓaka sakamako da safe, zaku iya tafiya cikin layuka kuma girgiza kowane daji da sauƙi. Ba a bayar da ƙarin tsauraran matakan ƙaura ba.
Fasali na samuwar bushes
Don ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itace, dole ne a saka bishiyoyin eggplant.
Ana iya kafa shi ta hanyoyi guda uku: a daya, biyu da uku mai tushe... Bambancin tsarin tsire-tsire an zaba shi ne kawai la'akari da halaye iri-iri. Ovarin ovaries suna jan ƙarfi akan kansu, suna hana sauran ofa fruitsan itacen ci gaba, sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci cire su.
Lokacin noman kayan lambu a cikin wani greenhouse pruning an yi makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki tsire-tsire. Saboda wannan, duk matakan da ke ƙasa da reshe na farko an cire su. Bayan samuwar harbe 4-5, tsunkule saman.
Lokacin aiwatar da wannan aikin, zaku iya mayar da hankali kan tsayin daji, yakamata ya kasance tsakanin 25-30 cm. Don manyan iri, ƙila ku buƙaci ɗaure ciyawar.
Shayarwa da ciyarwar da ake bukata
5 kwanaki bayan dasa shuki a kan gadaje na greenhouse, kuna buƙatar moisten shuke-shuke ruwan dumi... Proceduresarin hanyoyin aiwatarwa a kalla sau daya a mako, mafi kyau da safe. Ana amfani da ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushen shukar don kiyaye ganyen bushewa.
Don kula da danshi na ƙasa, ana bada shawara ciyawa gadaje. Wannan aikin yana maye gurbin sassautawa, wanda wataƙila zai lalata tushen.
Don hana ci gaban cututtukan fungal, kana buƙatar a kai a kai bar iska ta shiga cikin greenhouse.
A lokacin kakar girma, ana ciyar da eggplants Sau 3-5... Lokacin da ake noman kayan lambu a cikin greenhouse, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da takin mai magani mai wuya: Magani, Kemira na duniya (don guga na ruwa, 1.5 tbsp. L na samfurin). Bayan samuwar kwayayen, ana amfani da takin mai magani nitrogen-phosphorus (1 tsp na ammonium nitrate, 1 tbsp na superphosphate a cikin guga na ruwa).
Hakanan ana amfani da kayan abinci don ciyarwa, amma bai kamata a yi amfani dasu da yawa ba, don kar su haifar da haɓakar ganye. Don ƙwanƙwasa, Biud ya dace (tsarma da ruwa daidai gwargwado na 1:20).
Matsaloli masu yuwuwa a cikin girma eggplant
Lokacin da ake shuka eggplant a cikin greenhouse, matsaloli masu zuwa na iya tashi:
- rawaya launin ganye (dalili sau da yawa ya ta'allaka ne da keta dokar ban ruwa ko gabatar da taki, cutar kuma ba a keɓance ta ba);
- faduwa daga ovaries (yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashi ko yawan danshi);
- daji yana bunkasa sosai, kuma kwayayen suna zama mara kyau (dalilin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin yawan ciyarwar da takin nitrogen ko rashin yankan);
- tsire-tsire suna fure, amma ba su ba da 'ya'ya (ana buƙatar mafi kyaun pollination);
- ganye curl (yiwuwar haddasawa: kwari, yawan danshi, rashin haske);
- aibobi akan ganyayyaki (mafi yawan lokuta dalilin shine hasken rana kai tsaye);
- raunin girma na harbewa bayan dasawa (raguwar ci gaba yana da alaƙa da tushen tsarin, kuna buƙatar ciyar da "Kornevin").
Girbi da ajiya
An shirya girbi don lokacin girbi na iri-iri. Balaraben fasaha ya faru kwanaki 25-40 bayan furannin shukar.
Bai kamata launi ya bishe ku ba, tun kafin ya fara, fatar 'ya'yan itacen tana ɗaukar launi iri-iri na halaye. Alamar farko zata kasance mataki na ƙarfi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara... Lokacin da kuka danna kan eggplant, za a bar ƙaramin lan wasa, wanda yake warkarwa da sauri.
'Ya'yan itacen da suka manyanta an sare su da sheushi, suna barin wutsiya na 3-5 cm. Zaɓi mai sanyi don ajiya. wuri mai duhu (mafi sau da yawa ginshiki). Ana iya sanya kayan lambu a cikin kwalaye a cikin yadudduka 2. Don kiyaye girbin ya fi tsayi, an shimfiɗa kayan lambu tare da bambaro ko takardar takarda. Ana ba da shawarar yin bincike kowane mako 2 don cire kofe masu lalacewa daga akwatin.
Bayani game da lambu game da kayan lambu masu girma a cikin greenhouses
Vladimir Ivanovich, ɗan shekara 62
Yanayin mu na Ural bai dace da dukkan kayan lambu ba, kuma musamman ga kayan kwalliya. Abin da iri basu gwada ba. Finallyarshe na na sami nasara tare da nasara - Dwarf na Mongoliya ya nuna kansa ta hanyar da ba a zata ba. Na ɗauki 'ya'yan itatuwa 7-9 daga daji. Na ci gaba da gwaji, amma zan shuka wannan iri-iri, ina mai karfin gwiwa a girbi.
Taisiya, shekara 47
Har sai da ta sami wani nau'in da ya dace don noman greenhouse, ta danganta yunƙurin da bai yi nasara ba na noma ƙwai ga kuskurenta na kulawa. Bayan shan samfurin daga Black Prince da Maryamu, wanda ya canza kamannin karimci, ya fahimci cewa zaɓin irin ya kusan taka rawar gani.
Andrey, shekaru 30
Karamin hadadden gidan haya shine asalin samun kudina, don haka nake kokarin koyo daga kwarewar wasu manoma dan rage kasada.
Eggplant tsire-tsire ne mai tsananin damuwa, amma yana ƙarƙashin tsarin zafin jiki da tsarin ciyarwa, yana ba da kyauta da 'ya'yan itace. Agrotechnics bai hada da tsinke tsirrai ba, kuma na maye gurbin sassautawa ta hanyar mulching gadaje. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, iri sun yi mamakin farin ciki: Carlson, Marzipan, Sarkin Arewa, Lolita.
Valentina Kuzminichna, shekara 59
Na shuka tsaba kwanaki 75 kafin dasawa zuwa gonar. Don yin wannan, Ina amfani da ƙananan kofunan filastik masu haske, na cika su da matattaran ta 2/3. Na canza shi zuwa gadon gonar kai tsaye tare da ƙasa, don kar in lalata tushen. Ina ciyar da tsire-tsire kowane kwanaki 10-12 (Haihuwar humate, takin mai phosphorus-potassium, tokar itace).
Daria, shekara 40
Ga wadanda suka fara yanke shawarar shuka eggplants a cikin greenhouse, ina ba da shawara kula da tattalin ƙasa da sarrafa zafin jiki... Yaran da ke fitowa a kan ganyen ganyayyaki yana nuna matsala kuma galibi ya kamata a neme shi a shayar. Rashin ruwa yana da haɗari kamar yawan sa, kuma ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan tsarin mulki a cikin yanayin yanayi.
Bin kyawawan sharuɗɗan aikin lambu, dasa shuki da girbi kyakkyawan itacen shuke-shuke zai yi aiki har ma a yankuna masu tsananin yanayi. Tsarin greenhouse yana iya samar da yanayi mai dacewa idan an kashe ƙwayoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar dacewa, ɗaure, sanya takin kuma kula dasu da kyau.