Al'adar ana ɗaukarta ɗaya daga cikin mahimman daraja don shirye-shiryen ruwan inabi na Jojiya. Sunan da aka fassara zuwa Rasha yana nufin "fenti". Babban yankin noman shine Kakheti. Inabin Saperavi wani ƙwarƙwara ne wanda ke samun saiwa sosai a yanayin sanyi.
Bayanin nau'ikan inabin Saperavi
Bushes bisa ga bayanin matsakaiciyar tsayi, ganye yana da haske, tare da gefuna masu juye, mai lobed biyar. Furannin suna bisexual. Goga yana da faɗi, mai siffar conical, ya kai tsawon santimita goma sha bakwai kuma yana da nauyin gram ɗari. Bunafa mai ƙwanƙolli ba ya yin itace, tsawonsa ya kai santimita huɗu zuwa huɗu da rabi.
Inabin innabi nasa ne anjima iri, cikakkiyar bishiyar tana faruwa a cikin watanni biyar da rabi daga ranar narkewar toho. Yana da ikon samar da albarkatu har zuwa centners 110 a kowace kadada.
'Ya'yan itace yana yiwuwa akan kasa da yawa, amma ya bushe, fadama, mai dauke da lemun tsami ko gishiri mai yawa.
Za'a iya samun amfanin gona mafi nasara a dumi, ƙasa mai sassauƙa kuma lokacin shirya ban ruwa. Mafi kyau duka "Saperavi" ana horar da shi a cikin tekun Bahar Black. An horar da shi a cikin yankuna na Ukraine, Bulgaria, Moldova, Russia, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan.
Cikakke harbe ya kai kashi tamanin cikin ɗari na duka. Haka kuma, daga sittin zuwa tamanin bisa dari suna iya bada fruita fruita.
Matsakaicin shekarun inabi ya kai shekaru biyu - biyu da rabi... Cikakke 'ya'yan itace sun fara cirewa a watan Satumba. Idan kun makara a girbi, to 'ya'yan za su iya ruɓewa da sauri zuwa ƙasa.
Halaye na berries
'Ya'yan itacen na Arewacin Saperavi iri-iri ne shuɗi mai duhu, oval, an rufe shi da siririn fata. An lullube su da kauri da farin kakin zuma. Girman da berries ne 1.8 da 1.7 cm.
Daɗin ɗanɗano sabo ne, ɓangaren litattafan almara mai launi mai rauni ne. Kasancewar launin launi a cikin 'ya'yan itace ana ɗauka babban fasalin tsire-tsire. Saboda wannan ne ruwan inabin ya zama launin ruwan hoda mai haske.
A berries dauke da Kashi 17 zuwa 21 na sukari, wani lokacin wannan darajar ta kai kashi 26 - 28 bisa dari. Matsayin acidity shine gram 7.8 - 12.6 a kowace lita.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Babban fa'idar al'adu sune:
- high da karko da ake samu;
- jure yanayin sanyi;
- goga gogewa zai iya zama akan itacen inabi har tsawon wata ɗaya ba tare da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ba.
An san nau'ikan iri-iri don halayensa marasa kyau:
- shi mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal;
- mamakin furen fulawa.
Saukowa
A yankunan kudanci, inda ƙasa ba ta daskarewa ko da a lokacin hunturu, ana dasa inabi daga Oktoba zuwa Maris... A wasu wurare, ana yin hakan a lokacin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa ta da ɗumi sosai. Ana yin saukowa bisa tsarin 1.5 da mita 2.5.
Ya kamata shafin ya zama yadda ya kamata, la'akari da wasu fasali. Al'adar za ta ji daɗi sosai a gefen rana, a wasu wurare berries na iya tsami daga rashin hasken rana. Kari kan hakan, ya kamata a kiyaye wurin sauka daga daftarin aiki.
Shuka tana son danshi sosai, kuma dole ne a kula da wannan lokacin dasa shi.
Matsayin acidity na ƙasa ya zama 6 - 7, kuma a wannan yanayin, kuna da tabbataccen amfanin ƙasa. Kari akan haka, dole ne ku tanadi magudanan ruwa mai kyau don danshi bai tsaya ba, yana da tasiri akan tsarin tushen.
Dasa shuki yana ƙarewa da shayarwa da mulching ƙasar.
Kula da matasa da kuma balaga vines
Ana iya samun kyakkyawan girbi daga Saperavi a cikin haske da wuraren ɗumi mai zafi... Ga yankuna masu tarko, masana sun ba da shawarar manne wa kayan da ke kan daji ɗaya na idanu hamsin zuwa sittin.
Yankan ana yin harbe a kan ido na goma - na goma sha biyu. Ga yankuna tare da yanayin kiwon ciyayi na sharadi, lambu sun bada shawarar mai tushe har zuwa mita 1.2 tare da yankin abinci daidai yake da mita 3 zuwa 2.
A lokacin bushe, 'ya'yan inabi za su sha ruwa koyaushe, suna bayarwa 20-30 lita na ruwa ga kowane daji... Sannan ana dunkule da kututture, wanda ya fi dacewa da itacen sawdust, pine ko spruce.
Ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire-mai sanyi-mai sanyi, amma a matakin farko na girma dole ne a sami mafaka daga sanyi na hunturu.
Wannan nau'in innabi mafi kyau shine mafi girma akan trellis don ƙirƙirar magoya baya da yawa.
Sau da yawa a kowace kakar dole ne ku yi ciyar da abun da ke ciki... Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da kayan haɗin ma'adinai masu haɗuwa don wannan, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da isasshen potassium da phosphorus.
Kodayake ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire mai sanyi-sanyi, lokacin shirya shi don lokacin hunturu, ana ba da shawarar bin wasu ƙa'idodi waɗanda za su taimaka wa ciyawar wuce gona da iri. Tsarin tushen yana shan wahala mafi yawa daga sanyi, don haka a gare shi ne za a yi tunanin matakan kariya.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Za'a iya dasa wannan shukar da shukoki ko kuma a ɗora ta a kan samfuran ƙwayoyi iri iri.
Cututtuka da kwari
Yawancin tsire-tsire na innabi suna shan wahala faten furesanadiyyar cututtukan fungal. Babban dalilin wannan matsalar shine yanayi mai danshi mai yawan gaske. An gano cutar ta launin toka mai launin toka fari-fari akan ganye da harbe-harbe. Samuwar bunches ya fara faruwa a hankali, curls din ganye kuma ya bushe.
'Ya'yan itacen berry sun fara tsagewa sun faɗi saboda naman gwari. Don jimre wa cutar, ya kamata ka hanzarta cire gungu da ganyayen da ke da alamun kamuwa da cuta.
Yana ba da matsala kuma launin toka-toka... Bloom ya bayyana akan tsiron wanda yayi kama da ƙura ta yau da kullun. Don hana irin waɗannan matsalolin, ana bada shawara don feshi tare da abubuwan fungicidal.
Sabon ruwan inabi daga wannan nau'in innabi mai tsami ne. Amma idan an kiyaye shi tsawon shekaru biyar, yana samun laushi, ya zama mai daɗi, yana daɗin ƙamshi na yau da kullun tare da alamun busassun fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Wani fasali na musamman na giyar da aka yi da inabin Saperavi ita ce wadatar ruby hudo da danko. Bayan shirya kulawar da ake buƙata don shuka, ana iya girma ba tare da wata matsala a cikin sirrin ku ba.