Akwai nau'ikan inabi da yawa, wanda ke rikitar da zaɓin zaɓuɓɓuka don dasa shuki a cikin filinku na sirri. A matsayin gabatarwa ga ɗayan masu gwagwarmaya masu dacewa, wanda ke da amfani da duniya, ana ba da nau'ikan Julian.
Bayanin nau'ikan inabin Julian
Bari muyi magana game da kwatancin. Tsire mai danshi tare da lokacin girma na kwanaki 95-105 shine ya lashe gasar "Golden Bunch" a shekara ta 2011, a gaban sauran 'yan takara a gabatarwa biyu a lokaci daya: "Mafi kyawun salon zabi na kashin kai" da "Mafi kyawun samfurin inabin tebur." Babban alamar ya cancanci karɓar ta, wanda ya tabbatar da lambun waɗanda suka tattara ƙwarewa wajen haɓaka wannan amfanin gona.
Inji Kapelyushin Vasily Ulyanovich wanda ya yi amfani da ire-iren Rizamat da Kesha ya samo ta.
Julian ta haɗu da halaye na ɗabi'un iyayenta, waɗanda suka dace da ƙuruciya da wuri. Aikin kiwo mai nasara ya zama kyauta ta gaske ga masu amfani, hadaddiyar giyar kyawawan halaye ya sanya nau'ikan keɓaɓɓu don noman gida. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya kai kilo 30-60 a kowace daji.
Kuna iya jin daɗin 'ya'yan itacen cikakke a ƙarshen Yuli. A wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan inabin sun tattara wadataccen sukari (har zuwa 28%) kuma suna da launin ruwan hoda. Bishiyoyi suna bunkasa sosai, wanda ke buƙatar mai ba da kariya ta wajibi. Tushen tushen yana da rassa sosai, zaɓaɓɓun petioles ana rarrabe shi da ƙimar rayuwa mai kyau. Wani keɓaɓɓen samfurin shine yiwuwar sake girbewa daga stepan rago, amma fa idan an shuka amfanin gona a yankuna masu dumi na ƙasar. Hakanan ana jan hankali ga jurewar yanayin sanyi na tsire-tsire, ana jure yanayin zafi har zuwa ƙasa da 23 ° daidai.
Shuka tana girma sosai kuma tana ba da fruita ina a yankunan kudanci na Rasha, amma wasu masu lambu suna kula da berriesa berriesan berriesa berriesa masu Moscowa ina a cikin yankin Mosko, haka kuma a yankunan tsakiya. Wintering a cikin wannan yanayin yana ba da kasancewar wurin tsari.... Ba tare da shi ba, asalinsu za su daskare.
Halaye na berries
A kan manyan rassa na daji, an samar da gungu-sako-sako da manyan berries. Nauyin hannu ɗaya ya kai gram 700-1000, kuma wani lokacin tare da kulawa mai kyau, adadi ya ƙaru zuwa 2 kilogiram. A lash ɗaya, an ɗaura ɗumbin bishiyoyi masu yatsu 20-40, masu tsayin kusan 4 cm, suna auna matsakaita na gram 20. Launin launuka iri-iri ne: kalar ruwan hoda mai bambancin ƙarfi ya bayyana a kore kore yayin da ya fara. Fatar jiki tana da matsakaiciyar nauyi, amma dai sirara ce, kusan ba a iya fahimta a cikin bakin.
Karfin fata yana taimakawa wajen adana amfanin gona na dogon lokaci da kuma kyakkyawan zirga-zirga.
Hannun ɗanɗano sun bambanta a cikin tabarau daban-daban, aro daga nau'ikan iyayen. Bayanin nutmeg, zaƙi har ma da inuwar strawberry ana jinsu da kyau.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
La'akari da duk halaye na nau'ikan Julian, ana iya bambanta fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- farkon inabin inabi;
- rigakafi mai ƙarfi, wanda aka bayyana a cikin juriya da cututtuka da yawa;
- manyan halayen kasuwanci;
- jikewa da dandano tare da bayanai daban-daban, matakin sukari;
- tsirewar sanyi;
- kyakkyawan amfani.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da gaskiyar cewa samfurin ba shi da kyau a cikin unguwa tare da wasu nau'ikan. Abokin ba shi da wani tasiri mara kyau a kan ɗanɗano da 'ya'yan itace. Fasahar aikin gona abune mai fahimta kuma baya dauke da fasaha mai rikitarwa, don haka koda mai kula da aikin gogewa ne wanda ba shi da kwarewa ba zai iya shuka 'ya'yan itace masu dadi a shafin sa ba.
Julian bashi da wata illa mara ma'ana, sai dai kawai akwai buƙatar zaɓin wurin sauka. Yakamata a kunna sosai ba tare da iska mai iska ba. Wadannan dalilai suna yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daji.
Saukowa
Ana amfani da yanka ko tsire-tsire a matsayin kayan shuka. Zai fi kyau shuka cuttings a cikin bazara, don haka kafin farkon lokacin hunturu akwai isasshen lokaci don ƙarfafa tsarin tushen. Tuni shuke-shuke sun samo asali, don haka babu tsayayyen lokacin.
Don tsire-tsire na al'ada na inabi, ana buƙatar haske mai yawa, don haka ya kamata a zaɓi wuri don dasa nesa da gine-gine da lambun. Zai fi kyau idan yankin da aka zaɓa baya ƙarƙashin mahimman bayanai. Ana ba da shawarar shigar da allon tsare kamar kariya daga iska.
Yakamata a tona ƙasa (a cikin tiers biyu) fewan kwanaki kafin a dasa aikin. Idan teburin ruwan yayi sama, ya kamata a samarda magudanan ruwa. Wannan zai hana tushen tsarin rubewa. Al'adar tana bunkasa sosai a cikin yanayi na tsaka tsaki ko kuma mai ɗan kaɗan, don haka idan ƙasa tana da ruwa, dole ne a saka lemun tsami a ciki (gilashi a kan kowane 1 m2). Gurasar Dolomite kuma tana aiki da kyau tare da aikin. Don yin ƙasa mai ni'ima, ana bada shawara don wadatar da shi da ruɓaɓɓen taki, takin ko takin ma'adinai. An ba da shawarar yin tsarma ƙasa ta yumbu da yashi don ƙara yawan danshi da iska.
Chubuki na 'ya'yan inabi na Julian an dasa su a kaka ko bazara (Oktoba - Maris). Idan yanayin yanayin yankin yana da yanayin ƙarancin yanayin zafi da dogon lokacin sanyi, to ya fi kyau a jinkirta dasa shuki har zuwa bazara, don matasa yankan suna da lokacin samun tushen ta bazara, kuma zuwa kaka suna iya samun ƙarfi cikin tsari. Babban alamar da ke ƙayyade lokacin dasa shine yanayin ƙasa da ke sama da 10 ° C.
Lokacin shirya gonar inabi, ana la'akari da tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka, wanda bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da cm 80 ba. An huce rami don shuka ya yi zurfin: zurfin ya fi 70 cm, diamita 65-75 ne. peat, takin). Sauran sararin zasu buƙaci ta hanyar tushen tsarin, wanda zai fara haɓaka cikin sauri. Gogaggen lambu sun lura cewa lokacin da aka binne cuttings a cikin rami mai zurfi, tsire-tsire suna tasowa kuma suna ba da 'ya'ya da kyau.
Bayan dasa shuki, ana tallafawa masu tallafi nan da nan, wanda aka harbe harbe a baya.
Kula da matasa da kuma balaga vines
Kamar kowane irin shuka, seedlingsauren innabi suna buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Da farko dai, ya kamata ka kula da shayarwa. Idan ba zai yiwu a shayar da samarin harbe-harbe a kai a kai ba, ana bada shawara a samar da tsarin diga ko karkashin kasa ta hanyar sanya bututu. Kafin lokacin furannin, ana yin ƙasa a ƙasa sau ɗaya kowane kwana 7-15. Ayyuka na shayarwa sun tsaya yayin lokacin zubar da 'ya'yan itace. Yawan danshi na iya sa fruita fruitan su fashe.
Soilasa ya kamata ya zama mai danshi, amma ba tare da tsayayyen ruwa ba. Babban zafi yana haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal.
Ana yin ruwan sha na ƙarshe mako ɗaya kafin a kiyaye inabin don lokacin hunturu.
Ana gabatar da tushen asalin daga asalin halitta sau daya a shekara. Ana amfani da takin, rubabben taki, a matsayin taki. Don shayarwa (kafin lokacin furanni), an ba da izinin amfani da maganin toka. Hakanan zaka iya ciyar da daji tare da toka a cikin kaka bayan girbi.
Don kauce wa cika ciyawar dazuzzuka, sai suka katse yawan ɓarna da bunches. Kimanin goge 40-45 an bar su akan shuka daya. An datse kurangar inabi don idanu 8-10.
Don kare ƙasa daga bushewa, ana mulmulata bayan dasa shukokin. Lokacin amfani da kayan aikin ƙasa, an kawar da buƙatar ciyarwa. -Ara girma ko ciyawar ciyawa tana ciyar da ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu amfani.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Inabi suna yaduwa ta hanyoyi da yawa: ta hanyar yankan itace, suna amfani da cuts. Zaɓin iri bai dace ba; lokacin da ake shuka iri, ɗanɗano da sauran halaye iri-iri sun ɓace.
Yin shimfiɗa ya haɗa da binne harbi tare da layin ƙasa don yin rooting, amma wannan hanyar tana ba ka damar girma ƙananan shoan harbe. Mafi yawan nau'in yaduwa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin amfani da tsire-tsire, waɗanda aka samo su sakamakon yankewar yankewa. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don dasa iri-iri na Julian.
Cututtuka da kwari
Abubuwan da ke cikin Julian suna da daraja saboda ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafin su, wanda ke nuna a cikin tsirewar tsire-tsire ga cututtuka daban-daban. Koyaya, wannan baya nufin cewa ba'a yiwa al'adun barazana ba. Babban haɗari ga nau'ikan yana wakiltar cututtuka masu zuwa:
- launin toka;
- oidium;
- anthracnose;
- mildew (saukar da mildew).
Kada ku jira har sai cututtuka sun bayyana kansu a kan ganye ko akwati na shukar. Zai fi kyau ayi da matakan kariya:
- amfani da maganin colloidal sulfur daga oidium;
- daga cututtukan fungal - Bordeaux ruwa.
Binciken na yau da kullun na bishiyoyi zai taimaka wajen daidaita shayarwa da magani mai kariya. Idan al'adun har yanzu suna fama da kowace cuta, kuna buƙatar gano matsalar ta hanyar fesawa tare da ɗayan shirye-shiryen da suka dace: Kuprikol, Abiga-peak, Topaz, Hom, da dai sauransu Daga cikin manyan wakilai masu ƙarfi (a haɗe da tasiri) ana amfani da su: Fundazol, Euparen, Sumileks.
Babban kwaro na inabi shine tsuntsaye. Don kare amfanin gona daga gare su, ya isa ya shimfiɗa net ɗin polymer tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin akan lash.
Gabaɗaya, fasahar aikin gona ta inabin Julian ba ta da rikitarwa. Kulawar da ba ta dace ba da kuma dandano mai kyau sun sanya shahararriyar bishiyar cikin kankanin lokaci. Lokaci ya yi da za ku sami tsire-tsire masu da gaske tare da 'ya'yan itacen marmari akan rukunin yanar gizonku.