Itacen apple itace bishiyar gargajiyar gargajiya, wacce tana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu lambun zamani. An bambanta amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace da nau'ikan nau'ikan da nau'ikan, kowane ɗayansu a cikin al'ummomin lambu yana da magoya baya da abokan hamayya. A ƙasa zaku iya samun kwatancin da halayen apple na Shtrifel.
Bayani na kaka iri-iri na apples Shtrifel
Itacen apple na nau'ikan Shtrifel sananne ne ga yawancin masu lambu a ƙarƙashin sunan Streyfling, umnan ratsi yawo, Liflyandskoe, Gravenstein. Ya ɗauki matsayinsa a cikin zukatan masu lambu saboda yawan haihuwa da ɗanɗano na ɗan itacen.
A wane yanki suke girma kuma yaushe zasu fara?
Bishiyoyin Apple na nau'ikan Streyfling sun bazu a tsakiyar Rasha da CIS. Asalin asalin an hayayyafa a Holland, daga inda aka kawo shi zuwa ƙasashen Baltic. A yau, Shtrifel yana cikin rajistar Jiha na yankuna masu zuwa:
- Arewa;
- Arewa maso yamma;
- Tsakiya;
- Volgo-Vyatsky;
- Duniya ta Tsakiya;
- Tsakiyar Volga.
Da iri-iri ba su da sauri-girma. Kundin ya fara nunawa a lokacin bazara. An bada shawarar girbi a farkon watan Satumba, wannan hanyar zaka iya kiyaye ɗanɗanon ɗan itacen.
Halaye na bishiyoyi da fruitsa fruitsan ofa thean kaka
Iri-iri iri na Hutun kaka ya zama abin birgewa saboda ƙarfinsa. Itacen da ya balaga ya kai mita 7 - 8, ana nuna shi da yawan ci gaba da yalwar kambi mai fa'ida, kama da dome, wanda zai iya kaiwa mita 9 a diamita. Manya, manya-manyan rassa a cikin rawanin da ke kwance a ƙarshen .angaren samari iri-iri suna da kauri, suna balaga sosai. Haushi ya yi duhu tare da lenticels da ake iya ganinta sosai, tare da ɗan haske. Theananan suna da launin toka, suna da ƙarfi; ƙwanƙolin yana da tsawo.
Ganyayyakin itacen apple suna zagaye, manyan-kambi tare da gefen, sun ninka tare da jijiya ta tsakiya... Ganye ruwa yana da ƙarfi juya, wrinkled. Shafin takardar yana da balaga (ji). Haɗa shi zuwa harbe kusan a kusurwar dama, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren apical.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da inflorescences an ƙirƙira su bisa ga nau'in gauraye... Da ire-iren suna fure sosai. Furannin suna da girma, masu kamannin miya, fentin fari. Wararru masu launin ruwan hoda mai haske.
Manyan apples: nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa gram 80, kuma idan an lura da yanayin shayarwa, gram 110. Mafi yawanci suna da siffar zagaye, sau da yawa akan sami 'ya'yan itatuwa masu gefe daya. Bawon apples din yana da ƙarfi kuma yana santsi, tare da ƙaramin rufi na kakin zuma. An tattara ƙyamar halayyar daga ratsan jan jan tsaye kuma tana rufe fruita fruitan ta kusan rabi. A yanke, naman yana da rawaya, wani lokacin yana kusa da fata tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwan hoda. Appleyallen bishiyar 'ya'yan itace suna da tsami sosai, suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tare da ƙananan laushi.
Akwai sanannun iri-iri na Streyflinga da aka samo sakamakon maye gurbi. Fatar irin wannan tuffa tana da launi tare da sautin jan duhu.
Fresh 'ya'yan itatuwa yawanci ana adana su har zuwa watanni biyu - tsayi mai tsayi zai iya rage ɗanɗanar apples ƙwarai. Abin da ya sa ake ba da shawarar sarrafa Tufafin tuffa zuwa jams da marmalades.
Strifeel masu jefa ƙuri'a
Streifling ba shi da kansa, sabili da haka, kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a zaba a gaba nau'ikan da za'a gudanar da aikin zabe. A lokaci guda, rabo daga bishiyoyi masu tsire-tsire zuwa adadin bishiyoyin apple na nau'ikan Shtrifel shine 1: 3.
Sananne ne tabbatacce cewa Mafi kyawun masu jefa ƙuri'a don Steifling sune Rossoshanskoe masu ratsi, Antonovka da Slavyanka... Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da Papirovka da Welsey.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na Streyfling iri-iri
Abvantbuwan amfani:
- Matsakaicin yanayin sanyi - na baya ga nau'ikan Brown taguwar, Grushovka Moscow, Anis da Antonovka. Duk da haka, ya fi ƙarfin Welsey da Pepin saffron;
- Babban yawan aiki na iri-iri - har zuwa 300 - 430 kilogiram na apụl daga itace ɗaya;
- Bambanci dandano da halaye na ado 'ya'yan itãcen marmari
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu sauƙi haƙuri sufuri;
- Adana dandano a cikin sake fasalin.
Rashin amfani:
- Lokacin 'ya'yan itace ya yi latti sosai - itacen apple ya fara ba da fruita fruita a cikin shekara ta takwas (apples 1-2), a shekara ta goma sha biyar, rayuwar itacen yana ƙaruwa;
- Itatuwa suna da girma sosai, yadawa;
- Fruiting na ire-iren na iya zama na lokaci-lokaci;
- Babban haɗari kamuwa da cuta;
- Mai rauni haƙuri - bishiyar na iya zubar da ganyenta a rabin rabin bazara;
Yadda ake adana shi daidai
Don haɓaka rayuwar rayuwar Strifel, ana ɗaukar waɗannan matakan:
- Girbi yana farawa a farkon watan Satumba... A wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano;
- A cikin akwatin katako kuma a bushe, daki mai sanyi, apples za su adana ɗanɗanar su na dogon lokaci.
Domin apples ɗin su rayu tsawon lokaci, ya zama dole a sake nazarin su a hankali - 'ya'yan itacen kada su sami nakasa da lalacewa. Lokaci zuwa lokaci yana da daraja a shiga kwalaye don ruɓaɓen apples.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda ba za a iya kiyaye su na dogon lokaci ba sun fi kyau amfani da su nan da nan don matsawa, ruwan' ya'yan itace da ƙyama. Bugu da kari, kamar a ƙarshen Disamba, Streifling yana rasa juiciness da ɗanɗano mai haske.
Dokokin shuka shuki da kula da bishiyoyi
Adadin rayuwar ɗan itaciya saboda dalilai da yawa ne: zabi mai kyau na kasar gona, hadi na hankali, riko da ayyukan agrotechnical.
Mafi kyawun rayuwa na bishiyoyin fruita fruitan itace ana lura dasu lokacin shukar bazara. Seedwayar da aka shuka a cikin bazara zai iya samun tushe kuma ya sami ƙasa. In ba haka ba, farkon kaka ya fi kyau. Tare da ramin dasa shuki wanda ba a shirya ba, ana ba da shawarar a tono shi a cikin shuka har zuwa bazara. Koyaya, a cikin yankuna da kaka mai dumi (yankuna na kudanci), ana iya aiwatar da dasa a ƙarshen kaka.
An shirya ramin dasa shuki mako guda kafin dasa shuki:
- Girma ya kasance daga diamita 1 zuwa 1.2, kuma zurfinsa ya kai mita 0.8;
- Atasa a ƙasan ramin ta saki zuwa zurfin mita 0.3;
- Kafin shiga jirgi kashi na uku na ramin yana cike da saman ƙasa mai ni'ima, bayan haka ana amfani da takin mai magani:
- Tablespoons 10 na tokar itace;
- 4 tablespoons na potassium sulfate;
- 250 grams na superphosphate;
- 3 buckets na rubabben taki;
- Sauran ƙasa an zuba shi zuwa rabin ramin... Bayan haka, tsiron itacen apple yana kan kujerar kuma an sanya tallafi (gungumen azaba) kusa da shi;
- Ana yin saukowa ta irin wannan hanyar da karamin rufin kasar ya tashi sama da fuskar kasa, yayin da tushen kwaron itacen apple ba ya zurfafa, amma yana da 'yan santimita sama da matakin kasa;
- An dasa wurin shuka kuma ana shayar da danshi sosai... Zai yuwu a ƙirƙiri ƙaramin tudun ƙasa kewaye da ramin dasa shuki, wanda ba zai ba da izinin fitar ruwa daga ɗan itacen ba.
Itatuwan Apple na Streifling iri-iri a cikin yanayinsu manya ne manya-manya bishiyoyi tare da kambi wanda ke rufe manyan wurare, wanda ba safai ake samun sa a bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace a cikin lambuna ba. Saboda menene, yakamata a dasa seeda youngan matasa la'akari da yankin da zai iya ɗauka a gaba. Mafi karancin tazarar da za a iya bari tsakanin bishiyoyi kusan ya ninka har ta yadda bishiyoyin da ke girma ba sa gasa da juna.
A iri-iri ne picky game da ƙasa danshi. Wurin da aka dasa irin ciyawar ya kamata a jika shi sosai.
A lokacin zafi, ana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa a cikin ƙasa ƙarƙashin shuka:
- Har zuwa lita 50 ƙarƙashin ƙananan bishiyoyi;
- 80 zuwa 100 lita kowane murabba'in mita na da'irar akwati yayin lokacin 'ya'yan itacen.
Dangane da buƙatun danshi, a bayyane yake cewa filaye masu yalwa don Streifling sun fi dacewa da yashi, wanda baya barin danshi ya wuce zuwa asalinsu, da yashi, wanda sauƙin wuce danshi zuwa cikin layin ƙasa.
Ana ba da shawarar ciyar da itacen apple tare da urea yayin lokacin furanni: rabin gilashi a cikin guga na ruwa, da mita 1 na da'irar gangar jikin. Shtrifel zai amsa da kyau idan abubuwa masu alama - jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, boric acid - an saka su zuwa ƙasa ƙarƙashin itacen a watan Yuni. Green taki shuka a watan Yuli a karkashin kambi (lupine, fyade, Clover) da kuma tono a cikin ƙasa a cikin wata daya zai zama mai kyau taki. A ƙarshen bazara, shukar tana buƙatar wadatar abubuwa don lokacin bacci, yayin da ake kara superphosphate da alli.
A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa sanyi. Har ila yau, furannin furannin suna daskarewa sosai. Koyaya, yiwuwar Streifling frostbite yayi yawa sosai. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, maido da rassan da suka lalace yana yiwuwa cikin shekaru biyu. Tushen shuke shuke zai iya karewa daga daskarewa ta hanyar cika da'irar kututturen bishiyar tare da takin bushe zuwa tsayin santimita 15.
Bayan yankan lokacin bazara, ana ba da shawarar kula da itacen daga kwarin kwari tare da jan ƙarfe oxychloride ko shiri na musamman "Inta-vir". Bayan buds sun bayyana, a watan Mayu, ana maimaita magani.
Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fasalin yanayin kaka shine nasa hali ga cututtukan fungal, gami da scab - Wannan cuta ce ta ƙwayoyin cuta na ganye ko fruita fruitan itace, a wurin da fasassun crusanƙara yake. Ga mutane, wannan ilimin cututtukan cuta ba ya haifar da wata barazana, amma yana shafar ƙawancin tsire-tsire da kanta. Don kauce wa lalacewa, ya zama dole a fara sanya irin ƙwaya a wuri mai iska mai iska sosai, tare da gudanar da yankan rawanin yau da kullun da rawanin rawanin.
Yadda za'a datsa shi da kyau
Yadauwan kambi na Streyfling, wanda manyan rassan ƙashi ya kirkira, yana buƙatar ƙirar yau da kullun da kuma yanke shi. An ba da shawarar fara yankewa daga farkon shekarun rayuwar itacen apple. Girbi da halaye na ado na kambi zasu inganta sosai idan a bazara ko kaka duk tsoffin rassa da bushewar harbe an yanke su daga kambin... Wannan matakin zai taimaka wajen sabunta bishiyar itacen apple.
Shtrifel iri-iri ne, ƙwayoyin sa waɗanda suke saurin girma da sauƙi fara girma, ƙari, ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar manyan rassa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yake saurin saurin kauri. A lokacin ƙuruciya, ba a ba da shawarar rage gaɓoɓin rassan itacen apple, tunda a nan gaba wannan zai haifar da ci gaba mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi na kambin.
Binciken lambu
Lambu gabaɗaya ya lura da ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan Steifling da babban apple ɗin da kanta. Cropsaunar Frua arean itace suna da darajar su da farko don tsananin wuya na hunturu da kuma kyawawan halayen ƙawancen bishiyar baligi.... Reviews na masu mallakar iri-iri ana rufe su ne kawai ta dogon jira don 'ya'yan itace na farko.
Datesarshen kwanakin farkon fara 'ya'yan itace sun fi ƙarfin ƙarfin itaciyar kanta, wanda fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu zai farantawa masu shafin rai tare da tuffa mai daɗi da tsaftataccen ɗakunan muhalli, da lafiya.