Cherry watakila shine mafi yawan al'adun gargajiya a cikin lambunan Rasha. Akwai nau'ikan shi da yawa - duka tsoho, zaɓen jama'a, da na zamani. Lokacin nest nest da Chechhov's Cherry gonaki sun nutse cikin mantuwa. A kan ƙananan, a matsayin mai mulkin, filaye na ƙasa, mai lambu na zamani ya kamata yayi ƙoƙarin dacewa da sauran bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace. Duk da haka akwai wata hanya don samun tarin tarin nau'in ceri - dasawa.
Grafting yana nufin yaduwar tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire. Amfani da shi zai iya taimakawa idan:
- tsohon iri-iri bai dace ba, kuma ina so in maye gurbinsa ba tare da bata lokaci ba na girma daga shuka;
- kama nau'ikan kai mara haihuwa - an dasa furannin ceri, amma bai sanya fruita fruitan itace ba;
- wasu itacen da yake cikin lambun ya karyeamma tushen rai ya kasance;
- Ina so in sami iri daban-daban, amma yankin shafin yayi kadan.
Me zaka iya dasa cherries akan
Ko da sabbin masu shuka 'ya'yan itace sun ji kalmomin "scion" da "rootstock". Hannun jari ne, wanda ake yin rigakafi. Girma - stalk ko kuma tohowar axillary ta shuka da za a ɗora.
Hanyar koyaushe farawa tare da zaɓi na tushen tushe... A kan shi ne ba kawai ƙarancin itacen ya dogara ba, har ma da girma da ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan. Abu na farko da za'a kula dashi shine dacewa da shuka. Wata doka mai sauƙi ta shafi nan: kusancin dangantaka, shine mafi kyau.
Cherry karfinsu da dama rootstocks
Tushen daji | Matakan daidaitawa | Fasali: |
---|---|---|
Cherry daji | Highwarai da gaske | Ofaya daga cikin mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓukan tushe. Ba shi da wahala a samu irin shuka na ceri na daji, kuma haɗarin ƙin scion abu ne kaɗan. Shuke-shuke yana samun tauri da daidaitawa ga yanayin damina daga tushen sa, amma zai iya ba da jijiyoyin. |
Kirtivar ceri | Highwarai da gaske | Kyakkyawan zaɓi don haɓaka iri da yawa akan akwati gama gari. Amma a wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa kwanakin furannin nau'ikan sun dace. |
Birry ceri | Babban | A kan tsuntsun ceri na tsuntsu, scion kusan koyaushe yana da tushe sosai. Irin wannan magudi yana da fa'ida musamman a yankunan arewa: tsuntsun ceri yana ba Cherry juriya cikin sanyi da juriya da cuta. |
Plum | Babban | Zai fi kyau a ɗauki tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a matsayin jari, amma kuma za ku iya dasa cherries a kan plum ɗin da ke girma a cikin gonar. |
Juyawa | Yayi kyau | Kyakkyawan kyau, amma ɗan ƙaramin abu mara kyau don cherries. Turne yana fitar da tushen maye da yawa, kuma yana da wahala sosai don magance su. |
Cherry plum | Yayi kyau | Tushen duniya don 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse. Kyakkyawan jimiri na kwarai. |
Wasu masu noman fruita fruitan gwaji suna gwada kansu a cikin rawar Michurin kuma suna ƙoƙarin dasa cherries a kan apple ko pear. Lallai, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna cikin dangin tsirrai iri ɗaya - Pink. Koyaya, dangantakar dake tsakanin su "dan uwan" ne. Itatuwan Apple da pears - daga dangin Apple (sananne ne "iri"), kuma cherries da cherries - daga dangin Plum ("'Ya'yan itacen dutse"). Saboda haka, irin wannan dashen ba zai haifar da nasara ba.
Cherries, kamar sauran fruitsa fruitsan stonea stonean duwatsu, basu da saiwa sosai akan katako mai shekaru. Alurar riga kafi za ta fi nasara a kan samari ko rassa.
Yaushe za a yi alurar riga kafi, a bazara ko bazara?
Lokaci mafi kyau na aikin an tsara shi ta ilimin kimiyyar lissafi... Zai fi kyau ga masana "transplantologists" da basu da kwarewa su zabi lokacin kafin fara kwararar ruwan itace - farkon bazara. Wannan ya faru ne saboda karamin nuance: idan kun dan makara kadan, ruwan 'ya'yan itace a kan yanka zai sanya sinadarin oxidized, wanda zai hana yankan ko kuma budar su dauki.
Kuna iya dasa cherries daga baya. Grafting tare da kore cuttings a lokacin rani ne wanda aka sallama nasara aikata.... Koyaya, da farko, yakamata ayi su cikin hanzari kuma daidai domin hana samuwar fim ɗin oxide. Yana ɗaukar jan hankali na hannu da ƙyashi. Abu na biyu, yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi yanayin da ya dace kuma kada a jinkirta aikin har zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Inda za a sami cuttings don grafting
Yawanci ana ba da shawara a girbe cutan ceri a cikin faduwar, bayan faɗuwar ganye, kafin zuwan sanyi. Koyaya, kiyaye su har zuwa bazara babban aiki ne mai ban tsoro ga masu kula da lambu. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da irin waɗannan yanayi har rassan su kasance suna da ƙanshi a matsakaici, amma kada su ruɓe; bai daskare ba, amma bai farka ba kafin lokaci... Don kiyaye kanka daga waɗannan damuwa, akwai hanyoyi biyu: sayi kayan dasawa a cikin cibiyar lambu ko yanke shi da kanka a cikin bazara.
Nurseries suna da ɗakuna na musamman inda ake ajiye yankan a ƙarancin zafin jiki da zafi. Kafin yin allura, kawai kuna buƙatar shakatawa sassan. Zaɓin tattalin arziki: sayi ƙwanƙwasa ɗaya kuma cire idanu da yawa daga gare ta.
Kuna iya yanke kayan da kanku ta hanyar tattaunawa da maƙwabta ko dangi. A cikin kwarewar lambu da yawa, dasawa tare da sabbin yankan ne galibi ya fi cutukan "kaka", koda kuwa an adana su a yanayi mai kyau.
A cikin bazara, ana girbe cutan ceri kamar haka:
- Yi nazarin uwar shuka kuma zaɓi kyakkyawan harbi na haɓakar shekarar da ta gabatakuma. Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe su: haushi a kansu ja ne, siriri, mai sheki da sheki.
- Duba zuwa harbi yana da tsire-tsire kawai (masu kaifi)... Gaskiyar ita ce, cherries galibi suna ba da fruita fruita daidai a kan haɓakar shekarar da ta gabata, don haka ana iya aza floweran fure (zagaye) a kansu.
- Yanke harbe tare da mai yanka, cire kwalliyar apical kuma yanke "fensirin" tsawon 25-30 cm. 3-4 ya kamata buds ya kasance akan kowane yankan.
Za'a iya nade kayan da aka girbe a cikin gauze mai danshi don kada yankan ya bushe.
Bayani na manyan hanyoyin dutsen cherries
Lambun "likitocin tiyata" sun ɓullo da hanyoyin rigakafi iri-iri. Mafi sauki kuma mafi sauki ga masu farawa - budding, kwafi mai sauki da dasawa cikin tsinkewa.
Cherry budding: hanya
Mahimmancin hanyar ita ce canjawar ƙwayar axillary ta ceri zuwa cikin haja. A wannan yanayin, ana kiran abin da aka yi wa allurar "ido". Don aiwatar da aikin, kuna buƙatar cikakke mai kaifi, wuƙa mai tsabta (zaku iya amfani da na malanta, amma yana da kyawawa don samun tabarau) da tef ɗin PVC. Zai fi kyau a yanke idanu kafin a fara aikin..
- An zaɓi kyakkyawan toho akan makama... Dole ne a yanke shi tare da wani ɓangare na haushi (garkuwa). Tsawon garkuwar ya kai kimanin cm 2. Ana ɗora kayan ɗorawa a kan kyalle mai ɗumi mai laushi don kada yankewar ya bushe.
- A kan zaban da aka zaba na tushen kayan kwalliya an yi masa yanka mai siffar T da wuka a kan haushi.
- Incanƙarar fashin ya cire a hankali an saka ramin ramin ciki tare da matse shi sosai ta hanyar murfin sama ta yadda koda kawai za ta duba.
- An nade fasalin bayan kaset din domin kada bawon ya karye idan aka cire shi.
Wasu yan lambu, suna tsoron yanayin sanyi na bazara, suna kirkirar greenhouse daga buhunan roba a kusa da dasawa. Anan kuna buƙatar auna komai da kyau. Haɗarin "tafasa" maganin rigakafin ku a cikin rana mai aiki na iya zama sama da haɗarin daskarar da shi.
Budding shine mafi ƙarancin hanyar cutarwa ta rigakafi. Ko da wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba kuma ramin rami bai sami tushe ba, shukar zata yi saurin warkar da karamin rauni na sama.
Fasa dasa
Wannan hanyar ba kawai mai rikitarwa ba ce, amma kuma tana ba da mafi girman ƙimar rayuwa. Dangane da abin da masu kula da lambu suka lura, a cikin kowane fasinja goma da ke rami, tara ake ɗauka.
Ba kamar tohowa ba, a nan gabaɗaya ƙullun yana zama kamar kayan masarufi. Na kayan aikin da kuke buƙata mai pruner ko lambu ya gani, wuka mai kaifi mai kaifi (mafi kyau tarawa, amma zaka iya yi da wanda ya saba), tef din lantarki da gonar var.
- Ana shirya yankan tare da kyawawan kodarai 3-4. Cutarshen ƙarshenta an yanka tare da wuƙa a cikin nau'i biyu. Tsawon abin yanke ya zama ya nunka na harbi sau uku. An nannade makun a cikin rigar, mai tsabta.
- Idan rootstock diamita ne babba, an ma yanke shi zuwa tsayin da ake so... Idan scion da rootstock suna da kusan kauri daidai, ana amfani da mai pruner.
- Ana sanya wuka a kan layin diamita na yankewar da aka yanke, kuma an sanya ragi zuwa zurfin 3 cm 4... Don hana tsagawar rufewa, zaka iya saka fegi na ɗan lokaci a ciki.
- An yanke ƙwanƙwasa cikin tsaga zuwa cikakken zurfin... Idan aka zaɓi mai kauri, ya kamata a saka yankan a gefen sosai don haushi ya yi daidai da bawon, da cambium tare da cambium. Idan za ta yiwu, za ku iya fara scions biyu a lokaci ɗaya a tsaga ɗaya - daga gefuna biyu.
- An saka hannun jari tam a cikin karkace tare da gefen baya na tef din lantarki... Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da dacewa da dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Coveredarshen yanki na tsaga an rufe shi ta fuskar kwalliya da kayan lambu... Hakanan ana sarrafa saman yankan.
A yau, ana samun kakin zuma na masarufi na musamman a shagunan lambu. Sun ƙunshi phytohormones wanda ke motsa saurin saurin girma tare, da kayan gwari don kare maganin alurar riga kafi daga naman gwari.
Sauƙaƙewa mai sauƙi
Wannan hanyar ta dace lokacin da diamita na tushen tushe da scion suka yi daidai. Don aiki, kuna buƙatar abin yanka, mai kwaɗaɗɗo ko wuka mai kaifi, tef ɗin lantarki da na'urar don gyara kusurwar yankan. Ana iya yin ƙarshen ta hannu. An yanke ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin diamita ko bututun filastik a kusurwa mai faɗi (kimanin 30⁰) - kuma kun gama. Alurar riga kafi ana aiwatar da ita bisa ga makirci:
- Ana saka makullin a cikin bututun ta yadda ƙarshen ƙarshensa ya ɗan kalla.
- Tare da wuka an yi yanka daidai tare da layin yankan bututun.
- An taƙaita haja tare da mai yankewa zuwa tsayin da ake so... An saka bututu a kai kuma ana yin irin wannan yanka.
- Ana amfani da ƙwanƙwasa a cikin hannun jari tare da yanke zuwa yanke... Duk yadudduka dole suyi daidai.
- Haɗin haɗin yana da ƙarfi an nannade shi da tef na lantarki.
Sauƙaƙan kwafi yana da kyau don sauƙi da ƙimar rayuwa mai kyau. Amma yana da koma baya: rashin ƙarfi a wurin haɗuwa. Cherries suna da itace mai rauni, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da hannun jari yana da matukar mahimmanci yayin ɗorawa... A wannan ma'anar, hanyar budding ta fi aminci.
Lokacin shiga cikin rawanin itace, kuna buƙatar zaɓi wuri kusa da babban mai gudanarwa. Wannan zai samar wa scion isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da rage haɗarin harbe-harbe.
Ko maganin alurar riga kafi ya yi nasara ko a'a ya zama bayyane bayan sati ɗaya ko biyu. Idan ƙwayayen sun fara girma, to kayan sun sami tushe koyaushe.... Ba kwa buƙatar cire tef. A cikin shekara mai zuwa, ambaliyar kira za ta kasance a wurin haɗakarwa - kauri kama da masara. Lokacin bazara mai zuwa zai yiwu a cire ragowar tef ɗin bututun kuma jira girbi.
Gwanin Cherry aiki ne mai ban sha'awa, daidai da gwajin kimiyya. Yana ba da ɗaki da yawa don kerawa har ma da mai kula da lambu na iya yin hakan.