Tumatir shine mafi yawan albarkatu a duniya. A cewar kididdiga, cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata, noman tumatir a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 150-160 kuma bai fadi kasa da wannan matakin ba. Abincin tumatir, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, kayan kwalliya, salati, kayan ciye-ciye - wadataccen amfani na wannan lafiyayyen kayan lambu. Tumatir yana da wadataccen bitamin, ma'adanai, abubuwan da aka gano wanda ya shiga cikin samfuran goma a duniya waɗanda ba za a iya maye gurbin jikin mutum ba. A cikin labarinmu, zamuyi la'akari da ban sha'awa iri-iri na Roma kuma mu ba da halaye da kwatancen su.
Tarihin kiwo
Aikin masu kiwo a duniya yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar nau'o'in albarkatu iri-iri tare da na duniya ko, akasin haka, tare da takamaiman mayar da hankali.
Tumatirin Roma wani rukuni ne na tumatir wanda makiyayan Amurka ke kiwo. Suna da irin waɗannan halayen na duniya wanda za'a iya amfani dasu a cikin kewayon daga kayan kwalliyar 'ya'yan itace duka zuwa yin tumatir mai kauri da ketchup.
Tumatir Roma F1 da Roma VF an dawo dasu a shekarun 50 kuma suna yadu a Amurka, Mexico, Australia, Burtaniya.
A cikin Rasha, yawancin mutanen Holan yawanci ana nome su, don haka ba su da farin jini a nan, amma ga dukkan alamu, iri-iri sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman ga masu lambu.
Bayani game da nau'ikan da halaye na tumatir Roma
Ciyawar tumatir na Roma - ƙayyade, mai ƙarfi, matsakaiciya - ya kai tsayi 60-70 cm... Za'a iya samun mafi kyawun amfanin ƙasa lokacin da aka kafa daji na 1-2 mai tushe.
Roma - tsakiyar kakar matasan, lokacin cikakkiyar 'ya'yan itacen daga lokacin da ya fara girma zuwa nasarar da ta samu ta hanyar' ya'yan itacen - 120-125 kwanaki... A cikin yanayi mai dumi na yankunan kudanci, a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, amfanin gona yana da lokacin da zai fara zuwa filin budewa ko ƙarƙashin murfin fim na ɗan lokaci, a wasu yankuna - a cikin greenhouses.
'Ya'yan itacen Rome iri-iri ne (kirim) mai kaifin baki, ja. Theangaren litattafan almara yana da ƙarfi, mai jiki, ɗanɗano mai kyau. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna jigilar su daidai, suna riƙe da ɗanɗanar su na dogon lokaci, kar a fasa yayin gwangwani, riƙe dandano da fasalin su.
Dangane da sake dubawa na masu lambu waɗanda suka shuka wannan tumatir, ya dace da gwangwani, ajiyar dogon lokaci, daskarewa. A ƙasashen waje, ana amfani da tumatir na Roma don samar da ɗanɗano da keɓaɓɓu, biredi, da kayan miya, saboda wannan nau'ikan ya dace da wannan.
Yawan 'ya'yan itacen da aka girma a cikin filin ya bambanta daga 60 zuwa 90g, a cikin greenhouses ya isa 110g... Yawan amfanin daji yayi tsayi sosai, amma maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban suna ba da alamomi daban-daban: daga 6-8kg zuwa 13-15kg a kowace murabba'in mita.
Tumatir na wannan iri-iri amsa sosai talauci zuwa high zafi: shuke-shuke masu furanni kusan basa gurɓatuwa, kuma haɗarin cututtukan fungal yana ƙaruwa sosai.
A babban zafi, yana da kyau a gudanar da aikin pollination na roba da prophylaxis akan fungi.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Don haka, don taƙaita dukkan abubuwan da ke sama. Tabbatattun halaye masu kyau na tumatir Roma F1 da Roma VF sun haɗa da:
- ƙaddara iri-iri na daji;
- 'ya'yan itace masu dadewa;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- karfin 'ya'yan itace;
- kyakkyawan kiyayewa na dogon lokaci;
- juriya ga wasu adadin cututtuka.
Na gazawa, kawai:
- rashin haƙuri ga babban zafi da canjin yanayin zafi;
- mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal da ƙarshen bushasha.
Fasahar noma: fasalin tumatirin Roma
Tsarin makirci na gaba na noman tumatir na wannan nau'in ba shi da bambanci da kowane irin tumatir na kaka-kaka.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine shuka shuke-shuke da tura su zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko zuwa wuraren shan iska zuwa madawwamin wurin ci gaba.
Shiri da shuka iri domin samarda iri a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Maris, watanni biyu kafin dasa shuki da aka shirya a cikin ƙasa.
Ana kula da tsaba da maganin manganese, sa'annan a nannade cikin rigar mai danshi kuma ta taurare tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a cikin firinji (t + 2). Ba tare da bushewa ba, an saka su a cikin ƙasa mai haɗuwa da aka shirya a baya zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm, an ɗan jike shi, an rufe shi da fim kuma an sanya shi a cikin dumi, wuri mai haske sosai har sai da farawar farko ta bayyana.
Noman ruwa da rakewa bayan bayyanar ganye 2 na gaske... A lokacin haɓakar shuki, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan kula da yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, haske mai kyau da dogon lokaci (awa 14 a rana). Kuna iya aiwatar da suturar 1-2 tare da tazarar kwanaki 10-15 tare da takin mai rikitarwa, maganin boric acid.
Mako guda kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, seedlings fushi - awowi da yawa a kullun ana kai su cikin titi ko cikin daki mai sanyi.
Forasa don shuka an shirya a gaba; ya kamata ya zama da kyau kuma ya ƙunshi ƙasa 50% da 50% humus ko peat.
Ana dasawa zuwa bude kasa lokacin da shukokin suka isa wata biyu da haihuwa (ga dukkan nau'ikan tsakiyar yanayi), aƙalla 20-25cm tsayi kuma 8-10 zanen gado na gaskiya, bin tsarin 70x40cm. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10, lokacin da tsirrai suka sami tushe, ana iya yin ciyarwar farko.
Tun da dazuzzuka suna da nau'in kayyadewa, suna buƙata tsari a cikin 1-2 mai tushe, tabbatar da ƙulla zuwa trellis na tsaye don kwanciyar hankali, yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Duk lokacin da suke girma, dazuzzuka suna yin harbe-harbe da yawa a gefe, waɗanda suma suna buƙatar a sanya su. Shayar da tumatirin Roma ya zama na yau da kullun, ba mai yawa ba kuma koyaushe ruwan dumi ne.
Cututtuka da rigakafi
Tsire-tsire suna da tsayayya sosai ga cututtukan cututtuka irin su fusarium da wilting verticillium.
Sosai cikin sauƙin kamuwa da cututtukan marigayi kuma, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ƙwayoyin fungal. Kyakkyawan rigakafin waɗannan cututtukan shine yayyafa masu tushe, ganye da ƙwai tare da maganin boric acid ko wasu hanyoyin.
Tumatir iri-iri Roma F1 da Roma VF suna da fa'idodi da yawa: dandano mai kyau, kiyaye inganci, rashin tsari, yawan amfanin ƙasa, kyawawan 'ya'yan itacen. Girbin al'adu tabbas zai faranta kuma ya sami lada don matsalar.