Yaduwar Blueberry hanya ce mai kyau don haɓaka tarin kayan lambu na lambu ko don sabunta tsiro mai tsufa. A ciki yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don ƙara yawan gandun daji ba, amma kuma don ƙara kiyaye halayen halayen... Wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da haifuwa na ciyayi, wanda dole ne a aiwatar dashi daidai kuma a kan kari.
Hanyoyin kiwo don lambun shuke-shuke da lokaci
Hanyoyin kiwo na Blueberry sun kasu kashi biyu manyan rukuni. Jima'i ne, wanda ake shukawa ta hanyar tsaba da kayan lambu - ta ɓangarorin shukar. Yaduwar iri a gida - aikin wahalarwa, wanda ya haɗa da ƙin yarda da rashin amfani da zaɓi na albarkatun gona. Wannan na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da wannan hanyar kawai don dalilai na kiwo don ci gaban sabbin iri.
Hanyoyin kayan lambu (na asexual) na haifuwa ba ka damar adana nau'ikan halaye na shudaya. Kowane zaɓi yana da nasa fa'idodi da rashin amfani, don haka lambu suka zaɓi hanya mafi dacewa don shari'ar mutum.
Sake bugun lambun shudawa ta yanke yana faruwa ne saboda tsarin sabuntawa, yayin da ake samun sabbin ginshiƙai masu tasowa daga kyallen takarda na tushe. Girman harbi yana faruwa ne daga samammiyar buds.
Lokacin zabar hanyar koren yankan itace, an biya hankali ga shekarun shuɗin shuɗi. Yayin da harbin ya zama mai laushi, tsarin tafiyar da rayuwa, yanayin ruwa da karfin rike ruwa na kyallen takarda na raguwa, waxanda suke da mahimmin yanayi don samuwar sababbin tushen. Don haka, kayan dasa shuki daga koren harbe-harbe suna bunƙasa da sauri, yana ba da kaso mafi girma na rayuwar shuka bayan rooting.
Dasa abu daga wasu bangarorin shuda yana da digiri daban-daban na rooting. Yankan daga harbe-harben tsire-tsire suna da mafi girman ikon tushen-tushen... Tushen coppice harbe an kirkiresu ne daga samari masu tasowa, wadanda ke dauke da karin kwayar halitta, wanda ke hanzarta samuwar sabbin kwayoyin halitta. Wannan yana haɓaka samuwar tushen da sau 3-4 idan aka kwatanta da yankan da aka ɗauka daga yankin 'ya'yan itace. An girbe kayan shuka a ƙarshen Yuni, a farkon Yuli.
Hakanan za'a iya yada Blueberries ta yankakken yanka... Ana iya adana abu a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau na wani ɗan lokaci. Sabili da haka, ana girbe cutan da aka sassaƙa don safarar su a kan tazara mai nisa ko don dasa shuki don kakar ta gaba.
Babu takamaiman lokaci don tabbatar da kyakkyawan sakamako don yankan yankan. Ra'ayoyin masana ilimin gona da yawa sun rarrabu akan wannan maki. Babban yanayin don sayan kayan shuka mai inganci shine harbi mai kyau da daddawa. A cikin yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, ana ba da shawarar girbin yankan a farkon hunturu, kuma ga sauran yankuna ya halatta daga Disamba zuwa kwanaki goma na farkon Maris.
Ana iya samun shuke-shuken shuke-shuke ta hanyar amfani da cuts... Mahimmancin wannan hanyar shine tushen tushen ba tare da raba shi da uwar shuka ba. Wannan yana daga cikin hanyoyin hanyoyin yaduwar tsire-tsire, wanda fasahar sa tana samuwa ga kowane mai lambu. Rashin dacewar wannan nau'in haifuwa shine tsawon aikin. Yankan cutarwa na iya daukar shekaru 2-3... Lokaci mafi dacewa ga wannan hanyar shine lokacin lokacin girma na shuɗi, saboda haka yana farawa daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Satumba.
Blueberries suna ɗaya daga cikin mahimmancin albarkatun Berry da za'a haifa. Wannan shi ne saboda da nazarin halittu halaye na shuke-shuke - low tushen-kafa ikon. An rarrabe mafi kyaun sakamako ta hanyoyin yaduwa ta hanyar yankan.
Yada yaduwa ta hanyar yanka
Hanyoyin girbi, rooting na kore da kuma yankan rago suna da bambance-bambance da kamanceceniya.... Ba tare da la'akari da kayan dasa ba, dole ne mai lambu ya aiwatar da aikin tare da rudani kadan ga halaye masu ilimin halittu na shuka.
Girbi yankan kore
Tare da wannan hanyar haifuwa, yarda da mafi kyawun lokacin yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci. Wannan shine lokacin daga 20 ga Yuni zuwa 10 ga Yuli.
Cuttings daga rashin cikakkun harbe sau da yawa suna wahala daga bushewa, ana kamuwa da cututtuka da fungal spores. Ganyayyakin irin wannan yankan ba su ci gaba ba kuma ba za su iya samar da tushe da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ba. Tare da girbin cutarwa daga baya, abubuwan gina jiki sun shiga wuraren girma, wanda ke haifar da asararsu, yana shafar samuwar asalinsu.
Harbe-harbe da aka shirya don dasawa suna da bazara, mara tushe mai tushe da launi mai duhu kore mai duhu. Don yanke yankan, an zaɓi manyan harbe na umarni na farko da mafi girma na reshe tare da tsawo na 6-12 cm... An karye su da hannu tare da wani katako da baƙuwa daga ci gaban shekarar da ta gabata (diddige).
Yankan shiri:
- aiki da ƙananan ɓangaren yankan (cire exfoliated haushi);
- cire ƙananan ganye 2-3 (1/3 na tsawon);
- gyara sauran ganyen da 1/3;
- jiyya na cuttings tare da girma stimulants
An dasa cutan a kan tsaunin da aka shirya a cikin yanayin greenhouse.
Girbi yankan rago
Don yankan kayan girbi, an zaɓi harbein bara waɗanda suka gama cikakke kuma waɗanda sanyi bai lalata su ba samuwar ko sauyawa tare da diamita na 0.5-1.2 cm. Yankewar wani babban diamita mai ƙarancin talauci, ƙarami kuma suna ba da tsire-tsire masu rauni. Harbe-harbe tare da adadi mai yawa na furannin fure ba su dace da haifuwa ba, kuma cire su ba ya ba da sakamako mai kyau ko dai.
An adana rassan da aka yanka a lokacin sanyi a cikin kwalaye da aka cika da peat ko sawdust da kuma buɗaɗɗun yanayi. Ana sanya akwatunan a cikin ɗaki mai duhu, mai iska mai kyau sosai a yanayin zafin jiki na 0 ° С- + 5 ° С... Ana yanke yankan a ƙarshen Maris ko a cikin Afrilu. Partsananan sassan rassan an rarrabe su ta hanyar mafi kyawun ikon samar da tushen.
Ana yin yankan yankan tare da mai kaifi mai kaifi, gujewa naushi da lalacewar haushi.
Matakan yankewa:
- rike tsawon 10-12 cm;
- an yi ƙananan yanke a ƙarƙashin koda tare da ɗan gangara;
- babba yanke 0.5 cm-1 cm sama da koda;
- Ana kula da kara tare da abubuwan kara kuzari.
Idan babu wadataccen kayan shuki, ya halatta a yanke cuts na ƙarami, amma tare da yanayin aƙalla ƙananan ƙwayayen tsire-tsire 3.
Gyara cuttings, dasa shuki da kulawa
Kore da kuma yanke cutan shuke-shuken shuke-shuke an kafe su ne a cikin tsaunuka ko kwalaye, suna haifar da yanayi na greenhouse a gare su. Yankin tushen zai iya zama kowane girman da ya dace, amma tare da tsayin aƙalla 15-20 cm... An sanya tudu a kan layin ƙazantar da ƙasa, faɗaɗa yumɓu ko yashi mai laushi. A matsayin ɗaki, zaku iya zaɓar greenhouse ko kuma shirya fulomi mai cirewa tare da gilashi (polyethylene) akan tudu.
Mafi kyawun mafi dacewa don ci gaban yankan shine cakuda babban peor mai yashi da yashi kogi (1: 1). Wata rana kafin a dasa shukokin, ana kabejin kuma ana zub dashi da ruwan dumi. An rufe dutsen da aka shirya tare da filastik filastik don cikakken peat da ruwa.
An dasa cutan da aka sanya bisa tsari na 5x3, kuma koren bisa tsarin 5x5, ana barin ƙwayoyin 1-2 a saman farfajiyar... Dukkanin lokacin rooting ana kiyaye shi a zazzabi + 20 ° С- + 25 ° С da danshi mara nauyi na substrate.
Tushen yankan ya fara zama bayan sati 4. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire sun fara sabawa da sannu a hankali zuwa iska bushe, lokaci-lokaci suna cire fim da gilashi. Watanni 2-3 bayan dasa shuki, an cire gilashi ko mafakan fim gaba ɗaya kuma ana ciyar dasu da ammonium sulfate (10 g / m2).
Matasa shuke-shuke an bar su zuwa hunturu a rukunin tushen. Don yin wannan, ana mulched tare da 5 cm na Layer na peat, sawdust ko ganye da suka fadi. A cikin bazara, bayan warming kasar gona, ana dasa su zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Ko da tare da daidai girbin yankan da samar da yanayin da ake buƙata, ana kiyaye yawan tushen shudayen a ƙananan matakin 25-35%. Waɗannan alamun za a iya ƙaruwa da su sau 2-3 tare da taimakon kulawa ta musamman - lura da yankewa na awanni 12-24 tare da mai kula da ci gaban - maganin ruwa na indole-butyric acid (50 g / 1 l).
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar yin layi
Hakanan, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, blueberries na iya haɓaka ta hanyar haɗawa. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don yaduwar ƙananan bishiyoyi, waɗanda basu da ƙananan harbe don yaduwa ko kuma iri waɗanda basu da tushe yayin yaduwa.
Kafin wannan, da'irar akwati a ƙarƙashin uwar shuka ta warke. Ickauki harbe masu ƙarfi da lafiya. Akasin zaɓaɓɓun rassan daga tushe na daji, an kafa fur tare da zurfin 6-8 cm kuma tsawon daidai yake da tsawon harbe... Yayyafa ruwa.
Girman shekara-shekara na rassa an taqaitashi da 1/5 kuma a sanya shi a cikin furgin. Kowane sashe na reshe tare da ɓullo da ƙwayoyi guda biyu an gyara su zuwa ƙasa tare da ƙugiyoyin waya. An rufe furrow da sawdust.
Bayan harbe-harbe a tsaye sun kai tsayin 8-10 cm, suna buƙatar fantsama zuwa rabin tsawo... Saboda wannan, ana amfani da cakuda peat da sawdust (1: 1). An maimaita wannan aikin sau 2-3 yayin da harbewar suka girma. A lokacin bazara, ana kiyaye ƙasa da danshi da sako-sako da. Harbe-harben da suka girma a cikin shekara ta yanzu za su samar da cikakken tsarin tushe a cikin shekaru 2-3, bayan haka ana dasa su zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Blueberry sabon irn shuki ne a cikin noman shuke-shuke na Rasha, wanda dabarun aikin gona ba su mamaye masanan. Asirin noman nasara ya dogara da madaidaiciyar zaɓi na iri waɗanda suke dacewa sosai da mummunan yanayin wannan amfanin gona.... Ta hanyar dasa shukokin da suka dace da yankin, yana yiwuwa a kula da shuke-shuken shuke-shuken gida na shekaru masu yawa, ana yaɗa su a cikin ciyayi.