Noman kabeji na ɗauke da dabaru masu yawa, don haka na dogon lokaci kawai ba ku sani ba idan ƙoƙarin da aka yi zai iya haifar da girbi mai kyau. Amma tare da ire-iren su kamar Valentina F1, kusan babu kuskuren kuskure, kuma ana iya ganin sakamakon tun kafin girbi. Wannan iri-iri na marigayi-narkar da kabeji yana da matattara kuma ya dace ya sami damar cancanci shahara tsakanin lambu. Za a iya samun kwatancin da halayen wannan nau'in a ƙasa.
Bayani da halaye na Valentine kabeji iri-iri
Kabeji Valentine F1 an yi kiwonsa a tashar NN Timiryazev da ke kiwo A. V. Kryuchkov, G. F. Monakhos da D. Patsuria. Tuni gwaje-gwajen farko na wannan matasan sun tabbatar da yawan samfuran iri-iri. da dacewarsa don girma a yankuna daban-daban na yanayin yanayi.
Yana daysaukar kwanaki 140-180 daga harbewar harbe zuwa balaga na Valentine F1 matasan, kuma ana iya girma duk a filin buda baki da kuma cikin greenhouse. Shugaban kabeji yana da siffa mai tsayi-mai-tsayi, mai nauyin gaske, yana da nauyin kilogiram 3-5. A waje, an rufe shi da koren ganyayyaki masu duhu waɗanda ke da farin ulu mai ɗumbin yawa, wanda shine fasalin nau'ikan fasalin ƙawancen Valentine. Forks din farare ne yayin yankewa.
Valentina F1 ta balaga zuwa yanayin sanyi mai sauƙi kuma yana iya jure daskarewa na ɗan gajeren lokaci yayin saurin sanyi, wanda baya shafar kara ajiya ta kowace hanya. Idan tsire-tsire masu girma zasu iya jure yanayin sanyi zuwa -5 -8 C °, to, tsirrai - har zuwa -3 C °.
Da farko, kabeji yana da ɗanɗan ɗanɗano na ɗacin rai, wanda gaba ɗaya ya ɓace yayin ajiya. Sabili da haka, ana bada shawarar cin wannan matasan ba da wuri ba sama da watanni 3 bayan girbi. A wannan lokacin, cokula masu yatsa za su zama masu taushi, masu daɗaɗa da mai daɗi, ba tare da jijiyoyin jini ba.
Kamar kowane tsire, nau'ikan Valentine F1 yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani.
Fa'idodin sun haɗa da:
- mai kyau juriya mai sanyi;
- babba yawa;
- tsawo rayuwa shiryayye, lokacin da dandanon kawunan kabeji ya inganta kawai;
- 'ya'yan itace juriya ga fatattaka;
- shugabannin kabeji mai kyau kawo sufuri;
- juriya ga cututtuka da yawaciki har da fusarium;
- kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na cokali mai yatsa godiya ga ƙananan kafa;
- ikon amfani da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban - sabo ne, cakulan, gishiri, cakulan, soyayyen.
Amma ban da kyawawan halaye na nau'ikan, an kuma ba shi rashin amfani:
- nema a kan ƙasaya fi kyau a kan loam da peat;
- baya jurewa yawa danshi na kasa;
- mai son rana;
- yana buƙatar yawa yawan danshi a mataki na samuwar cokali mai yatsu;
- a yanayin zafi sama da 30 C ° cokula masu yatsu "tafi" cikin ganyayyaki;
- a duk tsawon lokacin girma iri-iri na Valentine yana buƙatar shayarwa da ciyarwa;
- tsawo lokacin girbi.
Shuka tsaba don shuka
Marigayi iri-iri masu yatsu ana shuka su koyaushe ta hanyar shuka. Amma kafin fara aikin dasa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar irin da ya dace. Idan an siya su a cikin shago daga masu kaya masu amintacce, to irin waɗannan tsaba basu buƙatar shiri na farko, wanda ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
- taurarawa;
- maganin kashe baki;
- dumama;
- jiƙa.
Mafi sau da yawa, rayuwar shiryayye ta tsaba yana da shekaru 3-4, a lokacin da amfanin gona zai riƙe duk halayen bambancin na matasan.
Lokacin shuka iri don shuka kai tsaye ya dogara da kwanan watan da ake tsammani na shuka. La'akari da cewa an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a farkon watan Yuni, lokacin mafi kyau don shuka iri shine Mayu 6, duk da haka, ana iya yin wannan a cikin Afrilu.
Lokacin dasawa, yakamata tsirran suyi akalla kwana 35.
Ayyadaddun lokacin shuka shuka don noman shine 21 ga Mayu, wanda shine Ranar St. Nicholas.
Bayan an zaɓi iri, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasar don shuka su. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana buƙatar ɓoye da ƙasa mai ƙoshin lafiya, ƙididdigar acidity wanda bai wuce 6 pH ba. Zaku iya sayan cakulan dunkulen da aka shirya a shago na musamman ko kuma shirya kanku da kanku:
- Mix sassan daidai humus da ƙasa kuma don 5-6 kilogiram na cakuda kana buƙatar ƙarawa gilashin yashi.
- Haɗa ɓangaren turf 1 tare da peat sassa 3 kuma don kowane kilogiram 3-4 na cakuda, ƙara kofuna waɗanda yashi.
Bayan kasar gona don shuki a shirye, yana da daraja a rarraba iri a kan farfajiyar ƙasa mai laushi. A saman tsaba, yakamata a zuba layin da aka shirya santimita 1, sannan a shayar da shi sosai daga kwalbar fesawa.
An rufe akwatin tare da tsaba da aka shuka kuma aka sanya shi a wuri mai duhu amma dumi, tare da yanayin zafin jiki na 15 ° C. A wannan yanayin, kada mutum ya manta da sarrafa fitowar tsire-tsire, wanda ƙyanƙyashewa bayan kwanaki 3-7. Lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana, yana da daraja ɗaukar akwati tare da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai haske don kada tsire-tsire su shimfiɗa.
Ickingaukar tsirrai da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Bayan ganyaye na gaske guda 2 sun bayyana a kan shukar, yakamata a dasa shukokin. Wannan shine sunan dasa tsire-tsire a cikin akwati daban da kuma tsinkayar tushen, wanda zai baka damar bunkasa ci gaban shuka.
Don yin wannan, ana ba da shawarar yin abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa, jira har sai danshi ya shanye, sannan sai a hankali fitar da iri tare da dunkulen duniya mai mannewa asalin.
- Gyara game da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tushen tsarin.
- Sanya tushen a cikin tsagi a cikin ƙasa zuwa ganyen cotyledon, sannan a rufe shi da ƙasa.
- A abun da ke ciki na duniya cakuda ya zama daidai da yadda ake amfani da shi don shuka shuki.
Idan kai tsaye ka shuka tsaba kabeji sosai, to za'a iya tsallake tsirrai.
Lokacin da ganye na uku suka bayyana akan shuke-shuke, to ana iya dasa shukokin kabeji waɗanda suka kai tsayi 13-16 cm a cikin lambun. Amma kafin yin wannan, dole ne ku fara shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki. Valentina F1 kabeji ya fi son ƙasa mara kyau, wanda ke riƙe da danshi da kyau. Ya kamata gadon lambu ya zama mai haske da rana, saboda wannan nau'ikan baya jure inuwa mai yawan gaske.
Zai fi kyau shirya wuri don dasa shuki daidai lokacin kaka, yayin lura da juyawar amfanin gona. Kabeji ya fi girma bayan albasa, kokwamba, karas, tumatir, wake da hatsi, wanda ke wadatar da kasa da sinadarai masu mahimmanci don tsire-tsire. Idan kun dasa bishiyar Valentine bayan “danginku” (swede, radish da radish), to zai girma kuma ya bada fruita fruita mara kyau, tunda ƙasa ba zata sami microelements masu amfani ba.
Aikin shirye-shiryen kaka don dasa shuki kamar haka:
- Tona gonar zuwa matsakaicin zurfin.
- Dole ne muyi takin duniya, wanda aka gabatar da takin zamani a lokacin bazara, a farashin guga 1 da mita 1 na gonar.
- A cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa bugu da .ari An ƙara cokali 2 na superphosphate a kowace murabba'in mita 1, kazalika da gilashin toka mai tsabta.
Lokacin dasa shuki da Valentine F1 iri-iri a wuri na dindindin, yakamata ya zama cewa da daddare zafin jiki baya sauka kasa da 3 C °. Zai fi kyau ayi aikin da yamma, bayan faduwar rana, ko zaɓi rana mai girgije don dasa kabeji.
Lokacin dasa shuki akan bishiyoyi akan gado, ana bada shawara a zuba cakuda nitrophoska, ash da humus a kimar 1: 4: 16 cikin kowane rami. kuna buƙatar binne tsire-tsiren har zuwa ganye na farko, hana batun girma daga yin bacci da ƙasa.
Makircin tsire-tsire Valentina F1 - 65-70 cm tsakanin layuka da 40 cm tsakanin tsirrai... Tare da dasa kauri, shugabannin kabeji na iya bunkasa cikin talauci kuma su rasa nauyi. Bayan dasawa, yana da mahimmanci a shayar da kowace irin shuka da yawa.
Kula da kabeji
Don samun kyakkyawan girbi daga nau'ikan Valentine, ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari. Wadannan sun hada da shayarwa, sassautawa, sare ciyawa, tsauni da ciyarwa.
Bayan dasa shuki, shukar yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci. Hakanan, babban buƙata na yawan danshi yana faruwa a lokacin saiti da girma shugabannin kabeji. Idan a wannan lokacin akwai rashin ruwa, to duk kabejin na iya shiga cikin ganyayyaki. Hakanan, rashin danshi na iya haifar da narkar da kawunan ba mai kawunan ruwa ba.
Zai fi kyau a shayar da cokulan da aka ƙera da sanyin safiya ko kuma da yamma, yayin da ruwan ya zama kusan lita 5 a kowace shuka. Bayan an shanye ruwan gaba daya, ya zama dole a sassauta kasa zuwa zurfin 6 cm, tunda ruwa mai yawa ga Valentine F1 iri-iri mai halakarwa ne - tushen sa da sauri kuma tsiron ya mutu.
Yana da daraja a dakatar da shayarwa makonni 3-4 kafin girbi. A wannan lokacin, kawunan kabeji za su sami lokacin samun abun ciki na sikari, su riƙe samfurinsu na kasuwa kuma za a adana su da kyau.
Har ila yau shawo kan ciyawar na taka muhimmiyar rawa, bayan duk, suna hanzarta hana toshe hasken rana kuma galibi sune tushen cututtuka daban-daban. Sakin ƙasa zai taimaka wajen jimre wa ciyawar, wanda hakan zai amfanar da kabeji kawai.
Wani ma'aunin kulawa shi ne tuddai, wanda ke taimakawa tsutsa don riƙe kai mai nauyi da kyau. Ana aiwatar da Hilling game da sau 2 a kowace kakar:
- Lokaci na farko ana yin tudu bayan kwana 7-10 bayan dasa shuki shuka zuwa wuri na dindindin idan ya sami tushe sosai.
- Hawan dutse na biyu ana yin shi bayan watanni 1-1.5lokacin da kan kabeji ya fara zama. Tare da taimakon tudu, yana yiwuwa a kare kan kabeji daga yawan danshi kuma ya hana tsire-tsire fadowa gefe ɗaya cikin iska mai ƙarfi.
Hilling zurfin - bai fi cm 6 ba, diamita na rakewar ƙasa kusan shuka 1 ne - cm 30. Zai fi kyau a yi tudu bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ko ruwan sha mai nauyi.
Ana aiwatar da ƙarin ciyarwa sau 4 yayin lokacin girma. Don shugabannin kabeji su samar da kyau, suna buƙatar nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium da potassium. Tunda duk waɗannan abubuwan suna nan cikin taki na saniya, zaku iya sauya gabatarwar ma'adinai da takin gargajiya ƙarƙashin kabeji.
Girbi da ajiya
Kuna iya fara girbi a ƙarshen kwanakin Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. Zai fi kyau a adana kawunan kabeji a cikin ginshiki, a zazzabin da bai gaza +1 C ° ba kuma bai fi + 5 C ° ba. In ba haka ba, kabejin na iya daskare ko fara ruɓewa.
Babban hanyoyin adanawa:
- a kan tara
- a cikin limbo;
- a cikin kwalaye.
Wasu matan gida suna nade kowane shugaban kabeji da takarda ko fim, wanda zai adana ruwan yadin da cokula masu yatsotsi. Kafin adanawa, ya kamata a hankali a bincika duk kan kabeji kuma zaɓi waɗanda suke da lahani. Hakanan, ana cire dukkan ganyen saman daga kowane ɗayansu, ana barin 2-3 daga cikinsu akan kowane cokali mai yatsu.
Ana adana nau'ikan Valentina F1 na tsawon watanni 7, kuma saboda dandano mai kyau da kaddarorin masu amfani na shugaban kabeji, wannan matasan yana da kyau don girma a gonakin masana'antu da masu zaman kansu.