Matsalolin da ke tattare da lalacewar ingancin rayuwar kowace kwayar halitta, da farko, suna shafar bayyanarta. Alamun damuwa suna bayyana sosai a kan shuke-shuke. Misali, tare da rashin sinadarin potassium, ganyen tumatir necrosis zai fara.
A cikin labarin zamuyi magana game da alamun rashin kowane abubuwa da yadda ake ciyar da shuka don inganta yanayinta.
Rashin abubuwa masu alama a cikin tumatir
Lalacewar yanayin tsire-tsire galibi ya ƙunshi rashin ƙarfi (ƙasa da ƙasa - ƙari) na abinci mai gina jiki. Za a iya tantance wane irin tumatir ne ke jira ta yanayi da wurin canje-canjehakan ya faru da shukar.
Yawancin nau'ikan kayan abinci masu mahimmanci suna da mahimmanci ga tumatir:
- Magnesium.
- Phosphorus.
- Potassium.
- Nitrogen.
- Tutiya.
- Bor da sauransu.
Tsire-tsire ba za su mutu ba tare da su ba, amma zai bunkasa sosai, yawan amfanin gona zai ragu sosai. Dukkanin su masu haɓakawa ne waɗanda ke hanzarta halayen biochemical a cikin ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire.
Rashin magnesium
Rashin magnesium ya bayyana a cikin bayyanar aibobi tsakanin jijiyoyi a kasan ganyen tumatir... Da farko, waɗannan tabo suna kama da koren haske, sa'annan su zama rawaya, sannan kuma su zama ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Ganyen ya bushe, narkar da shi, sannan ya fado. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ƙanana ne, ba su da kyau.
Amfani da takin magnesium
Ana amfani da magnesium sulfate a matakai daban-daban na noman shuki.
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa... Ana amfani da taki a farashin 10g a kowace 1 sq.m. sannan a shayar da gadaje sosai.
- A lokacin girma... Don ban ruwa, kuna buƙatar tsarma 30 g taki a cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi (yi amfani da sau 2 a wata). Lokacin fesawa, 15 g na abu an narkar dashi cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi. Don kada a ƙona ganyen, ƙara 5 g na urea zuwa maganin.
Mafi inganci shine amfani da magnesium sulfate akan ƙasa mai yashi, akan ƙasa mai ƙananan acidity.
Rashin phosphorus
Tare da rashin phosphorus yana faruwa raunana tushen tsarin... Bangaren ƙasa na ƙasa yana tsirar da launin kore mai duhu, wanda daga baya ya zama ruwan hoda-shunayya. Ganyayyaki sun zama m, gefuna sun bushe.
Aikace-aikacen takin phosphorus
Taki na inganta ci gaban tushen tsarin karfi, kara yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana inganta ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ana shigo dashi kafin ƙarshen lokacin fure.
Abun busassun an saka shi a cikin ƙasa bisa 15-20g da shuka... An shirya tsantsa don ciyar da tushen.
- Zuba 400 g na superphosphate a cikin lita 3 na ruwan zãfi.
- Kula da maganin dumi, motsawa lokaci-lokaci, tabbatar da cikakken rushewar foda.
- A cikin rana, ruwan zai zama fari. Yanzu zaka iya amfani dashi.
Sa'an nan kuma an cire cokali 20 na cirewar a cikin lita 3 na ruwa. Daga wannan jikowar aiki, an shirya babban taki (milimita 150 na sakamakon ruwa + 10 l na ruwa + 20 g na taki nitrogen + 0.5 l na itacen itace).
Lokacin ciyar da foliar, cokali 1 na superphosphate ana narkar dashi a cikin lita 1 na ruwa ana amfani dashi don fesawa.
Rashin potassium
An bayyana rashin sinadarin potassium a cikin rage jinkirin haɓakar bishiyar tumatir, ɗan ƙaramin furarsa da ƙaramin ƙwai... 'Ya'yan itacen suna girma ba daidai ba, galibi ba su daɗe a kusa da sandar.
Lec necrosis yana farawa daga nasihunsu, a hankali yana yaduwa gaba dayan kewayen. Wuraren launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana nan bada jimawa ba Bayan wani lokaci, sai ganyen ya lanƙwashe ya fado. Kara ya zama mai rauni, ya bushe.
Amfani da kayan miya
- Fatalfa mai guba (potassium sulfate) ana amfani dashi a cikin kasar alkaline. Don amfani da bushe, ana amfani da g 40 na wannan saman a kowane murabba'in mita 1 na gadaje tare da tazarar kwanaki 10-15. Don shayarwa, 1 g na abu ya narke cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
- Potassium monophosphate... Yana narkewa sosai acikin ruwa. Amfani da tushen da kuma foliar ciyar. Ana amfani dashi sau 2 a duk tsawon lokacin girma (bayan dasawa da lokacin da yayan itace). Don shayarwa, narke 10-15 g taki a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Don spraying, 1-2 g na abu an narkar da shi a cikin lita 1 na ruwa.
- Amintaccen sinadarin potassium (potassium nitrate). Lokacin amfani shine samuwar ovary. Abun bushewa yana narkewa sosai cikin ruwa. Don shayarwa, tsar 10-20 g foda a lita 10 na ruwa. Don spraying, 10 g na nitrate an narkar da shi a lita 10 na ruwa.
- Potassium humate... An samo daga ragowar ciyayi, taki, peat, silt. Mafi kyawun amfani dashi akan ruwan ƙasa, gishiri da ƙasa podzolic. Lokacin amfani shine lokacin haɓaka al'adu sosai. Don spraying ko shayarwa, 3 g (1 teaspoon) na abu an narkar da shi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Takin tsire-tsire sau 3 a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Tsakanin shine makonni 2.
Rashin Boron
Tare da rashin sa, tsire-tsire suna ci gaba da talauci. A daji ya faru bushewa daga yanayin ci gaba, amma harbe na gefe suna girma sosai.
Furanni suna fadowa, ƙananan ƙwayayen halitta sun samu. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yayi ƙasa, yayin busassun wurare sun bayyana akan 'ya'yan itacen... An birkitar da zanen gado cikin bututu kuma ya zama koren haske.
Amfani da Boric acid
Don ban ruwa 5g boric acid narke a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Amma tsire-tsire yana da kyau mafi dacewa don shuka tare da ciyar da foliar. Don spraying, 10 g na boric acid dole ne a diluted cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ana amfani da maganin dumi.
Yana nuna kwatankwacin tumatir duka rashi da wuce haddi na boron... Spraying ne da za'ayi sau daya, a lokacin taro flowering na shuke-shuke.
Rashin nitrogen
Rashin nitrogen yana haifar da bayyanar chlorosis... Ganyen ya zama kanana, sirara. Launin jijiyoyin da farantin ganye suna canzawa daga kore zuwa ja ja. Tsoffin ganye sun zama ja wur, sannan sun zama rawaya, kuma daga karshe su zama rawaya-fari. Arfin yana da wuya, yana samun jan launi.
Yin amfani da takin mai magani nitrogen
Cakuda don gabatarwa a cikin ƙasa ya ƙunshi lita 9 na taki (ruwa), 25 g na busassun nitrate, 80 g na itace ash. Sannan gadajen ana shayar dasu sosai. Ana gudanar da abinci na farko kwanaki 10 bayan dasawa. Na biyu - bayan wasu kwanaki 10.
Idan ana lura da sashi da lokacin hadi na nitrogen, ba za a wuce wadatar sinadarin nitrate a cikin 'ya'yan itacen ba. Makonni 2 kafin girbi, a daina amfani da kowane takin mai magani.
Zinc da rashi na magnesium
Rashin zinc ana bayyanarsa a yaduwa akan faranti launin toka-tagulla... Yankunan nama sun mutu a saman fuskar takardar. Leavesananan ganye sun zama ƙarami, an rufe su da raƙuman rawaya, ɗauka a tsaye kaɗan. Sun zama asymmetrical, juya.
Don ciyar da foliar 5g zinc sulfate narke a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Rashin magnesium ya fara nunawa a kan ƙananan ganye... Jijiyoyin sun kasance kore, kuma a kusa da su rawaya tana faruwa, sai a ɗan sake jan launi na kayan ganye, mai yiwuwa launin shuɗi. Iyakokin ganyayyaki sun lanƙwashe zuwa sama, yana ba su lanƙwasa mai kwalliya. Magnesium chlorosis yana faruwa sau da yawa akan ƙasa mai guba.
Zartar ciyar da abinci... Narke karamin cokali 1 na magnesium nitrate a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, wanda zai maye gurbin gishirin Epsom.
Hadadden takin zamani dayawa
Maƙera koyaushe suna nuna alamar takin kan marufin, yawan adadi na wani bangare.
Umarnin ya bayyana sashi da hanyoyin gudanarwa sunadarai. Amfanin waɗannan kwayoyi shine sauƙin amfani da ingantaccen aiki.
- Jagora - Yana hanzarta haɓaka, yana taimakawa ci gaban jituwa na asalinsu. An gabatar dashi cikin ƙasa cikin ƙimar 100-150g ta 1 sq.m.
- Kristalon - Tsar 10-20 g na abu a lita 10 na ruwa. Ana amfani dasu don shayarwa a cikin greenhouses - kowane lokaci, don shayarwa a filin buɗe - sau ɗaya kowane sati 2. Don feshi, narke g g 10 na abu a cikin lita 1 na ruwa kuma kasha shi sau ɗaya a sati.
- Kemira Lux - Narke 20 g cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
- Magani A - Don shayarwa, narke 10-25g na samfurin a cikin bokitin ruwa. Don spraying, narke 25 g na abu a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ana amfani da taki sau ɗaya a mako.
Kafin yin aiki tare da sunadarai, karanta a hankali umarnin don amfani.
Yanayin da ake buƙata - bin matakan tsaro... Kada a shaƙa tururin magwajin ko ƙurar da abubuwa busassun suka kafa. Masu aikin lambu suna aiki a cikin numfashi da suturar da ke hana sinadarai shiga cikin sassan jikin.
Wajibi ne a haɗo abubuwan haɗin don samun takin tare da cikakken tabbaci akan madaidaicin sashi.