Kawai dai ana ɗaukar Mariya a matsayin sabon nau'in pear wanda ya girbe a ƙarshen kaka. Kulawa da ita yana da sauki. Godiya ga wannan, iri-iri sananne ne tsakanin masu lambu.
Just Maria itace mai matsakaiciyar tsayi tare da karamin kambi mai faɗi-pyramidal. Zai iya kaiwa mita 3. Girman rawanin ya kai mita 2.5.
Tarihin bayyanar da bayanin pear Just Maria
Kawai dai Maria iri ce irin ta pear wacce aka yi kiwo a Belarus a Cibiyar noman ita byan itace ta hanyar tsallaka wani nau'in samfurin 6 / 89-100 da pear, wanda ba a san shi sosai a Rasha ba, Butter Ro.
Marubutan kwatancin wannan nau'ikan da kyawawan halayensa sune shahararrun masu shayarwa M.G. Myalik, O. A. Yakimovich da G. Alekseeva. Da farko, ana kiran bishiyar "Mariya", sannan aka sake mata suna zuwa "Just Maria"... A cikin 2005, an aika da wannan nau'in pear ɗin don gwajin iri-iri na Jiha.
Pear Just Maria an san ta da ƙarshen ƙarshen, yayin da take bada 'ya'ya a watan Oktoba. Kuma nau'in pear Augustovskaya Rosa na rani ne. Amfanin wannan nau'in ba shi da kyau, kuma tsananin sanyi ba yadda zai shafi yawa da ingancin 'ya'yan itacen. Kawai dai ana ɗaukar Mariya a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan hunturu waɗanda zasu iya jure yanayin zafi zuwa -38 ° C. Bayan daskarewa, bishiyoyi da sauri rayar da kawo bringa fruitan itace da yawa.
'Ya'yan itacen pear suna da girma ƙwarai. Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen marmari shine 180 g, mafi girma bai wuce 200 g ba, amma a cikin al'amuran da ba kasafai ake samun su ba har 230.' Ya'yan itacen suna da siffa mai pear. Fuskokinsu suna da tsabta, santsi da haske. Stalka stalkan itacen Frua area ba su da tsayi sosai kuma suna da kauri, masu ɗan lankwasa. Colora Fruan itace greena Fruan itace launin rawaya ne mai launin rawaya. Shuka pollinators kusa da pear na iya kara yawan amfanin shi.
Pularen ofa thean thea fruitan itacen yana da launi mai laushi, yawansu matsakaici ne da mai. 'Ya'yan itacen yana da daɗi da kuma dandano mai ɗanɗano, yana da ɗan tauri.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Abubuwan fa'idodi iri-iri sun haɗa da:
- dandano 'ya'yan itacen da suka fi sauran nau'ikan;
- saurin fara lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ma'ana, an girbe girbi shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki;
- juriya mai sanyi - wannan nau'ikan yana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi na -38 ° C;
- Maria tana da halin haɓakawa ga yawancin cututtuka.
Daga cikin gazawa, kawai ana lura da alamun yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Dasa pears
Pear Just Maria thermophilic ne, don haka ana yin saukowa a yankunan da suka fi son duniya.
Mafi kyaun wuri don dasa shuki shine gefen kudancin lambun mara iska.
An dasa pear a lokacin bazara lokacin da ganyayyaki suka faɗi kafin farkon sanyi. Kafin dasa shuki, ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ruwa don awanni 5-7. Lokacin da aka shirya tsagi a cikin ƙasa don shuka, sai su fitar da shukar. An haƙa babban rami, zurfinsa ya kai mita 1-1.5. An halicci mazugi a cikin ta daga ƙasa da peat. Ana sanya tsiron a cikin rami kuma saiwoyin sun bazu a kan mazugi.
Cika ramin da ƙasa mai ni'ima, ƙara ɗanɗano... An tura gungumen azaba kusa da shukar, wanda zai yi aiki azaman tallafi ga itacen nan gaba. Ana ɗaura ɗanyin a kan gungumen azaba tare da yadi na yadi. Bayan an dasa, bishiyar nan gaba ana shayar da ita nan take, kuma kasar da ke kusa da tushen sai ta warke da zaran kasar ta sha ruwa.
Yanayin girma
Just Maria kullum tana haƙuri da ƙasa mai inuwa. Koyaya, ɗaukar tsawon lokaci ga irin wannan yanayin yana haifar da ci gaba mara lafiya. Saboda wannan, ana yin wannan nau'in a wuraren da babu inuwa.
Hannun rana yana dacewa da itace, inda inuwar sashinta ya fadi akan bishiyar.
Maria kawai tana buƙatar danshi, musamman a lokacin bazara. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a samar da yanayi don wadataccen ruwa akai-akai. Ana shayar da bishiyoyi ba kawai a cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki ba, amma duk lokacin da zai biyo baya.... Ana aiwatar da ruwa sau 4 - 5 a kowace kaka. Ga kowace bishiya, yi amfani da ruwa kusan guga uku. Bayan shayarwa, ya zama dole a sassauta kasar ta yadda iska zai iya shiga cikin tushen sa.
Idan ba ku bi shawarwarin da ke sama ba, matakin ƙwarin sanyi na pear na iya ragewa. Hakanan, yayin shayar da bishiya, kar a cika ta. Idan jijiyoyin shukar sun cika da ruwa, to gashinan gindinsa zai fara mutuwa saboda rashin iska.
Abubuwan kulawa
Nau'in Just Maria na bukatar kulawa mai kyau. In ba haka ba, itacen zai kamu da rashin lafiya kuma yayi girma mara kyau. A lokacin bazara, rodents na iya cutar da shi. Dangane da wannan, ya zama dole a nade tushen tsire-tsire tare da takarda mai kauri bayan dasawa.
A cikin hunturu, tushen tsarin pear na iya wahala. Sabili da haka, a cikin kaka, an shirya itacen don sanyi. Don wannan, an halicci tsawa daga ƙasa a kewayen pear Just Mary. Bugu da kari, don rufi, zaku iya rufe ƙasa da ganye kusa da tsire-tsire.
Treesananan bishiyoyi suna buƙatar:
- Samun damar oxygen zuwa tsarin tushen. Sabili da haka, dole ne a saki pear a sako sako sau da yawa.
- Hawan ciki akai-akai.
- Ci gaba da amfani da potassium, phosphorus da nitrogen. Ana hada Nitrogen da ƙasa kuma a zuba shi a cikin tsagi kafin furannin pear.
- Don narkar da fruita fruitan itace na yau da kullun, a ƙarshen fure na pear, dole ne a saka maganin urea kashi 0.4%.
Girbi
A lokacin girbi Just Maria na cikin nau'in kaka. Lokacin mabukaci na wannan pear yana daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba. 'Ya'yan itacen suna zama sabo a cikin firiji har zuwa Janairu.
Itacen ya kawo farkon girbinsa tuni a shekara ta uku tun lokacin da aka dasa shi. Zai yiwu a tara har zuwa kilogiram 40 na pears daga itace ɗaya.
Pickeda Fruan itacen Just Maria an tsinke shi ba a kai ba. 'Ya'yan itacen pear sun nuna a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi da duhu har tsawon watanni uku. Bayan haka za su zama masu laushi, m da zaki.
Fasali:
'Ya'yan itacen suna da launin kore-rawaya kuma suna da fata mai sheki. 'Ya'yan itacen pear guda daya suna da nauyin gram 200. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da ɗigon digo a cikin kore. 'Ya'yan itacen ƙananan seedsa witha ne masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Sake haifuwa
Pear Just Maria na yadawa ne ta hanyar yankanta, da hada su da kuma dasa su. Yadawa da yankewa hanya ce mai tasiri, wacce ta ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Greenauki kore kore daga pear cikakke kuma an sanya shi cikin zazzabi na 20-25 ° C. Sabili da haka, yankan zai sami tushe a cikin gajeren lokaci.
- Aƙan pear da aka zaɓa dole ne ya kasance tare da ganye... Wajibi ne a kalli yadda zai kafu.
- Ana amfani da murfin fim don kiyaye yanayin zafin jiki da ake so. Amma a nan irin waɗannan yanayi an ƙirƙira su ne don yankan don iska ba ta da zafi sosai.
- Don adana yankan daga zafin rana, an shimfiɗa mayafin ɗamara a kanta, wanda ba ya inuwa da pear ɗin. In ba haka ba, shukar za ta yi rauni kuma ba za ta iya ci gaba yadda ya kamata ba.
- A lokacin zafi, ana fesa yankan ruwa sau 5-6 a rana, amma kawai lokacin da rana zata fito. A kwanakin gizagizai, ana aiwatar da wannan aikin sau 2-3 a rana. Fesa pears har sai ganyen ya jike gaba ɗaya.
- Ana sanya yanka a cikin greenhouse domin su ɗan wuce matakin ƙasa.
Don farkon bayyanar asalinsu, ana kula da yankan pear tare da haɓakar haɓaka.
Don wannan, zaku iya amfani da allunan heteroauxin. Wadannan allunan suna narkewa a cikin ruwa wanda aka sanya cutan.
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar yin layi Shin hanya mafi sauki. Duk da yake pear yana samun tushe, ba za a buƙaci kiyaye yanayin yanayi ba. Don shimfiɗawa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar madaidaiciyar harbe daga tsiro mai girma.
Na farko, an shirya ƙasar da harbe-harbe na iya samun tushe. Wannan yana buƙatar wurin saukarwa don karɓar ruwa da oxygenate. Hakanan, kada a fallasa shi zuwa haske.
A lokacin da kiwo pears, talakawa harbe ake amfani:
- Kusan babu cutarwa da za a yiwa mahaifa yayin amfani da wannan hanyar;
- An rufe reshen shukar da ƙasa, samansa kawai ya rage;
- Tushen an kafa su a wurin da ake rufe harbi da ƙasa;
- Lokacin da asalinsu suka bayyana a kan Layer a cikin adadin da ya dace, sai a cire shi daga mahaifar shuka.
- Don ingantaccen tushen aiki, yana da daraja shan harbi tare da ingantaccen ikon samar da tushen. Don yin wannan, an yanke rassa daga bishiyar shekara guda kafin a kafa tushen.
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar dasawa - hanya mai rikitarwa da tsayi. Asalin sa shine yanke reshe daga wata shuka kuma dasa shi zuwa wani. Itace itaciyar da ake dasawa akan ita ana kiranta jari.
Zaku iya yada pear ta irin wannan hanyar kafin farawar ruwan itace ko lokacinda ta ƙare.
Don alurar riga kafi kana buƙatar:
- Daga tsakiyar kambin pear, Just Maria, ta yanke wasu cutan shekaru masu yanka irin wannan tsayin da budurwa uku ko hudu zasu iya dacewa. Ana aiwatar da wannan aikin a farkon Disamba, tun da farkon sanyi ya taurare itacen.
- An ɗaure abubuwan haɓaka a cikin bunches kuma an sanya su a cikin ginshiki. Can za su yi hunturu.
- An daka tsamiya a kan siraran reshe.
- Tushen tushen da scion dole ne su zama daya diamita.
- An sare hannun jari santimita uku.
- Don rayuwa mai kyau, scion da haja sun yanke a kusurwa mai haɗari.
- Bayan sun haɗa scion da tushen, ana lulluɓe su a cikin fim ɗin shimfiɗa kuma an gyara su da tef na lantarki.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kawai dai Maria na da juriya ga lalacewa iri-iri, amma akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar har yanzu. Dangane da wannan, ya zama dole a ɗauki matakan hana cutar septoria, scab da kuma cutar kanjamau.
Septoria Cutar fungal ce. Ana samun fangaran fungus a cikin ganyen da suka fadi. Ana iya tantance bayyanar wannan cuta ta bayyanar da launin toka-toka-toka-ganye akan ganye. Don maganin pear, ana gudanar da jiyya guda uku. Da farko, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da maganin nitrophene har sai buds ɗin sun buɗe. Sannan ana fesa pear a ƙarshen flowering tare da maganin ruwan Bordeaux. Kuma lokacin karshe aka fesa itacen kwanaki 15-20 bayan flowering, shima tare da ruwan Bordeaux.
Abara cuta ce ta fungal. Ana adana spores a cikin kodan. Ana iya gano irin wannan cutar lokacin da aka gano wuraren launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyen pear da 'ya'yanta. Hanyoyin ma'amala da scab iri ɗaya ne da na septoria.
Ciwon kwayar cuta - cutar kuma asalin fungal ce. Alamomin wannan cuta: fashewa da baƙi haushi, ana iya ganin launin ruwan kasa akan ganyen, 'ya'yan itacen ya zama baƙi. Don hana irin wannan cutar pear, ya kamata a cire lalacewar haushi.
Binciken lambu
Klimenko Irina: Abin sani kawai Mariya 'ya'yan itace ne masu ɗanɗano mai ban sha'awa. Ta na iya amince gasa tare da kudancin irin pears. A dandano, Prosto Maria tana cikin 100% a farkon, tunda tana da halaye irin su yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya na sanyi, juriya ga cututtuka da kwari.
Lebedev Anton: Ba na son ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itacen sosai. Ina ganin kamar ina rufe ido.Haka kuma, na gazawa, zan iya lura da zubar kwayayen a lokacin farkon tsananin sanyi lokacin da pear ya yi fure.
Volodonskaya Natalia: Ina da pear mai girma a shafina Just Maria. Na yi farin ciki cewa ya nuna a cikin kaka kuma an adana shi na dogon lokaci. Kulawa da ita ba wuya. 'Ya'yan itacen da kansa mai zaki ne da kuma m.
Belarusiyawan makiyaya sun haɓaka nau'ikan pear na musamman da gaske. Kawai dai Mariya ta dace da lokacin sanyi, kuma wannan baya shafar inganci da yawan amfanin gona, tana jurewa da cututtukan itace.
Kuma kuma daga gare ta yana yiwuwa a karɓar 'ya'yan itatuwa a kai a kai tare da halaye masu dandano mai girma. Shuka pear ɗin Maryama Just a cikin lambun ku kuma ku ji daɗin aa aan kayan ƙanshi!